Download Science Homework Year 9 B1

Science Homework Year 9 B1
Name ……………………….…………………… Tutor …………
Class …………….
Teacher ……………………………………
Date set ………………… To be handed in on ……..………….....
Information for Students: Complete all tasks, in any order that you would like.
Make sure you use and learn correct spellings of key vocabulary.
Information for Parents/Guardians: Ways in which you can support your child.
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Helping your child to access the internet and Moodle.
Testing your child to help them learn science knowledge.
Providing opportunities for your child to research and discuss recent developments in
the areas of science.
Checking your child’s work and encouraging them throughout the tasks.
Biology 1 – Keeping Healthy
Learning Objectives
What does a healthy diet contain?
Why can some people eat lots of food
without getting fat?
How does an athlete’s diet differ from
yours?
What health problems are linked to being
overweight?
Why is it unhealthy to be too thin?
Why are people who exercise usually
healthier than those who do not?
How can inherited factors affect your
health?
Why does your cholesterol level matter?
Does exercise make you healthier?
What are pathogens?
How do pathogens cause disease?
How did Ignaz Semmelweis change the way
we look at disease?
How does your body stop pathogens getting
in?
How do white blood cells protect us from
disease?
What is a medicine?
How do medicines work?
Why can’t we use antibiotics to treat
diseases caused by viruses?
How can we grow uncontaminated culture of
bacteria in the lab?
Why do we need uncontaminated cultures?
Why do we incubate bacteria at no more
than 25 degrees in schools?
What is antibiotic resistance?
How can we prevent antibiotic resistance
developing? [Higher]
Why is mutation in bacteria and viruses
such a problem?
How does your immune system work?
How does vaccination protect you against
disease?
What are the advantages and
disadvantages of being vaccinated?
How has the treatment of disease changed
over time?
Key Words
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats,
vitamins, minerals, fibre, water;
malnourishment; metabolic rate;
balanced diet; energy intake;
energy output
Obesity; Body Mass Index (BMI);
heart disease; diabetes
Malnourishment; vitamin deficiency;
mineral ion deficiency
√
√
Metabolic rate; heart disease;
arteries; cholesterol; exercise
Infectious diseases; bacteria;
viruses; fungi; micro-organisms;
pathogen; toxin; hijack cells;
symptoms; antiseptics; washing
hands
Droplet infection; direct contact;
contaminated food and drink;
physical defences; biological
defences; white blood cells; ingest;
antibodies; antitoxins; antigen
Pain killers; antibiotics; bacteria;
penicillin; Alexander Fleming
Aseptic technique; inoculate;
culture; mutation; growth medium
Antibiotic resistance; natural
selection; mutation; pandemic’
epidemic
Vaccination; immunisation; white
blood cells; dead/inactive pathogen;
antibodies
[Yr 7/HW/ Working in a lab-1]
Keeping healthy
1
It is possible to grow microorganisms in the laboratory.
List A shows some temperatures.
List B shows situations for which these temperatures might be suitable.
Match each temperature to the correct situation.
List A
List B
25°C
Used in industrial laboratories to grow
microorganisms quickly
35°C
Used in school laboratory to grow
microorganisms safely
100°C
Used to stop microorganisms growing
without killing them
(3)
Used to kill microorganisms
2 In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information
clearly and using specialist term where appropriate.
We need a balanced diet to keep us healthy. Explain the ways in which an unbalanced
diet can affect the body.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
(6)
..
3
A person’s metabolic rate varies with the amount of activity they do.
a
Metabolic rate is ...................
(1)
Choose one answer.
the breathing rate
the rate of chemical reactions in cells
the heart rate
b
Suggest one other factor which can change a person’s metabolic rate.
...................................................................................................................................
(1)
[Yr 7/HW/ Working in a lab-2]
4
Polio is a disease caused by a virus. In the UK, children are given polio vaccine to protect
them against the disease.
a
Choose the correct words from each list to complete the sentences below.
i
It is difficult to kill the polio virus inside the body because the virus
......................................
is not affected by drugs
ii
(1)
lives inside cells
produces antitoxins
The vaccine contains an ................... form of the polio virus.
active
infective
(1)
inactive
iii The vaccine stimulates the white blood cells to produce ................... which
destroy the virus.
antibiotics
b
antibodies
(1)
drugs
The graph shows the number of cases of polio in the UK between 1948 and 1968.
i
In which year was the number of cases of polio highest?
...................................................................................................................................
ii
(1)
Polio vaccination was first used in the UK in 1955. How many years did it take for
the number of cases of polio to fall to zero?
...................................................................................................................................
(1)
iii There have been no cases of polio in the UK for many years. But children are still
vaccinated against the disease.
Suggest one reason for this.
...................................................................................................................................
(1)
AQA, 2006
[Yr 7/HW/ Working in a lab-3]
5
Controlling infections in hospitals has become much more difficult in recent years.
a
Suggest two reasons why MRSA is causing problems in many hospitals.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
b
(2)
The pioneer in methods of treating infections in hospitals was Ignaz Semmelweiss.
He observed that women whose babies were delivered by doctors in hospital had a
death rate of 18% from infections caught in the hospital. Women whose babies were
delivered by midwives in the hospital had a death rate of 2%. He observed that
doctors often came straight from examining dead bodies to the delivery ward.
i
In a controlled experiment, Semmelweiss made doctors wash their hands in
chloride of lime solution before delivering the babies. The death rate fell to about
2% – down to the same level as the death rate in mothers whose babies were
delivered by midwives.
Explain why the death rate fell.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
ii
(1)
Explain how Semmelweiss’s results could be used to reduce the spread of MRSA
in a modern hospital.
...................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................
(2)
[Yr 7/HW/ Working in a lab-4]
Nutrient
RDA (milligrams)
Protein
72 mg
Carbohydrates (energy)
10 000–12 000 kJ
Sugar
300 mg
Water
2 litres
Salt
5000 mg
Saturated fat
2000 mg
Vitamin C
30 mg
Calcium
600 mg
Iron
12 mg
Vitamin B1
1.2 mg
Fibre
variable
Food (portion)
Protein (mg)
Carbs (kJ)
Sugar (mg)
Salt
(mg)
Sat. fat
(mg)
Vit. C
(mg)
Calci
um
(mg)
I
r
o
n
Vit. B1
(mg)
Fibre (mg)
(
m
g
)
Crisps
2100
13 000
800
400
500
0
0
0
0
1200
Chocolate (bar)
2000
25 000
25 000
900
0
0
0
0
0
0
Cola
0
10 700
10 700
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Beans
9600
26 800
9900
1800
0
0
0
0
0
7600
Burger
8100
2900
500
200
3200
0
0
0
0
200
Fresh orange
800
13 000
13 000
0
0
35
0
0
0
300
Cornflakes
6000
32 000
9000
700
1500
0
0
2
.
4
0.4
900
Milk
3300
65 000
0
50
3800
1
120
0
0.2
0
48
B1a.8b
[Yr 7/HW/ Working in a lab-5]
A balanced diet
On food packets you will often see references to RDA. This is the recommended
daily allowance (RDA) for a particular nutrient type. The idea is to have no more
than your RDA for each nutrient. Below is the RDA of some important nutrients.
1a List five items from the table that you might eat during the day.
.
b Add up each type of nutrient score.
.
c Find out if each is more than the RDA or less than the RDA.
There are many ways to make sure that you get a balanced diet without having to
check the fine detail of everything you eat.
.
2 Make a list of main nutrients you eat.
.
3 Which nutrients do you eat:
a more of than you should b less of than you should?
B1a.8b
49
Processed foods are foods that have been altered in some way. They are
sometimes called convenience foods or fast foods because you do not have to
spend much time preparing them. Although processed foods are made from fresh
ingredients, other substances might have been added to improve their taste, colour
or to preserve them.
Salt is often added to improve flavour. It can also act as a preservative. Too much
[Yr 7/HW/ Working in a lab-6]
salt can lead to high blood pressure. Sugar is also added to improve taste and is
also a preservative. Too much sugar will be converted to fat and stored by the
body. Saturated fats help to improve taste and flavour, but if the fat is not used it
is stored by the body.
.
4 Which of the foods in the previous table are processed foods?
.
5 Which have added: a salt b sugar?
.
6 Which are high in saturated fat?
.
7 Which foods are high in salt, sugar and saturated fat?
.
8 Why are processed foods so popular?
.
9 Why is eating too many processed foods not a healthy way of eating?
.
10 Suggest a number of ways you might reduce the amount of the following in
your diet: a salt b sugar c saturated fat.
Parent Comment
Parent Signature …………………………………………..
Teacher Comment
Overall Effort Grade = E1
E2 E3 E4 E5
[Yr 7/HW/ Working in a lab-7]