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Basics of Animal Classification Symmetry Three Types: Radial-circular symmetry, can divide many times Bilateral-known simply as being symmetric, can divide into 2 Asymmetric-no symmetry at all Does not necessarily mean they match up perfectly Outer Coverings Different organisms have special outer coverings Skin Exoskeleton Scales Scutes Feathers Hair –outgrowth of protein, never stops Fur-stops at a certain length Shells Cellulose Bark Scute (pronounced skyoot) – a bony external plate or scale overlaid with horn. Scutes on an alligator foot – also found on bird feet and on turtle shells. Vertebrate Bones in the spinal column Examples: all fish, mammals, birds and reptiles Examples of animals without vertebrate: jellyfish, starfish, sea urchins, bugs https://www.youtube.com/wa tch?v=b-7lxvhr_Wg Watch a live mole dig his way to freedom Appendages An external body part Legs Wings Arms Fins Claws Pincers Pedipalps Tail Pistol Shrimp http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eKPrGxB1Kzc Pedipalps are the two appendages on the front of a spider's head. Mobility Sessile: fixed in one place Examples: barnacles, sponges, plants Mobile: movable, not fixed in place Examples: birds, humans, bugs Fastest movements in the animal kingdom https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zcWxAfl0okE Six Kingdoms of Life Six Kingdoms Archaebacteria Eubacteria Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia (Archaea) (Monera) Archaebacteria Oldest form of life Singe cell organism (unicellular) Found in extreme environments Geysers Hotsprings Volcanic ocean vents Have a cell wall, but no nucleus Eubacteria Second oldest form of life Single cell organism (unicellular) Examples of the most familiar bacteria: Streptococcus Lactobacillus Staphylococcus Have a cell wall, but no nucleus Different cell wall then Archaea Archaea Cell Wall http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTvPb4shgVI Protists “Odds and Ends” kingdom All microscopic organisms that are not plants, not animal, not bacteria, and not fungi. Single cell organism (unicellular) Some make their own food, and some don’t Examples: Protozoa, Amoeba Have nucleus Introduction of Protists http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0-6dzU4gOJo Fungi Most are multi-cellular organism Examples: Mold, mildew, mushrooms Important to ecosystems (decomposers and food) Some cause diseases – ringworm, and athlete’s foot Have a nucleus Plants Second largest kingdom Multi-cellular Producers organisms (make their own food) Without plants life as we know it would not exist. Have a cell wall and nucleus Animals Largest kingdom Multi-cellular Consumers – must eat for energy Do not have a cell wall, but do have a nucleus More Details on Animal Classes Reptiles Birds (Aves) Have hair, nurse their young (produce milk) Amphibians Have feathers (one of the top main features!) Mammals Have scales, lay eggs, cannot produce their own body heat Cannot produce their own body heat, have a permeable skin, usually land and water Fish Separated into 3 classes So, like, how many kinds of living things are there? http://anthro.palomar.edu/animal/ table_kingdoms.htm Basics of Plant Life 1. Non-Vascular Plants First to evolve Very simple in structure compared to other plants Require water to reproduce Examples: Green Algae, Liverwort, Mosses 2. Seedless Vascular Plants Have vascular tissues to transfer nutrients, water and food Do not reproduce via seeds, but rather by spores Examples: Horsetails, Clubmosses, Quillworts, Ferns 3. Gymnosperms Plants Means “naked seed” Have exposed seeds, but no flowers Examples: conifers, cycads, ginkgos 4. Angiosperms Plants Have evolved to have vascular tissue, seeds, and flowers This flowering evolution is what sets them apart, gave an advantage because they can attract organisms to them with colorful displays and sweet smells to help them reproduce Farming is dependent on angiosperms, which provide virtually all plant-based food Examples: Creeping thistles, roses, crab apples Seeds Seeds carry the plant embryos (the baby plant) and a food supply for the plant They are suited for adverse conditions, this means they can reproduce almost anywhere and anytime Gymnosperms have male and female cones that fertilize each other Angiosperms have flowers with male and female parts Male and Female Pine Cones http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rEvD0N5xn1U DANGEROUS PLANTS http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=Xtpml0LaG0