Download Energy and Electrical Definitions

Great Neck
South Middle School
Technology
Energy and Electricity
Introduction
What is energy?

Energy is the ability to do work, or
cause change. Energy is literally
what makes the world and
everything in it go. Energy is the
magic stuff stored in the battery
that makes the flashlight work. The
gasoline in a car’s gas tank
contains energy. The car’s engine
merely converts the gasoline’s
energy into a usable form.
While there are many forms
and sources of energy,
there are only two types:
Potential
Kinetic
Kinetic


“energy
associated with
motion.”
When discussing kinetic energy, it’s
important to keep in mind that the mass and
velocity of an object determine its kinetic
energy. We can take a look at kinetic energy
by throwing a basketball and a baseball.
Potential
“The energy something has which is
stored and not moving.”




“the energy that a piece of matter has because of
its position or because of the arrangement of
parts” because the matter has the potential, or
opportunity, to do work.
There are two types of potential energy: elastic
potential energy and gravitational potential
energy.
Water behind a dam has gravitational potential
energy.
A stretched rubber band has elastic potential
Forms of energy





Mechanical — the energy of motion
Electrical — think lightning or electricity moving
through electrical wires
Electromagnetic or radiant — energy of
magnetism and light
Chemical — energy produced by chemical
reactions like those that occur in batteries
Nuclear — potential energy stored in the nuclei of
atoms

Sound — the energy of vibrating sound waves

Heat – from burning fuel or the earth
Energy Conversion
Many of the devices we use
every day convert energy from
one form to another.
 These devices are called
transducers.

Transducers
Flashlight
— converts
chemical energy (stored in
the battery) to electrical
energy to light the bulb.
The bulb converts the
electrical energy to
electromagnetic or radiant
energy.
Transducers
 Toaster
— converts electrical
energy into thermal energy.

Car engine — converts the
chemical energy stored in the
gasoline into mechanical and
thermal energy.
What do transducers do?
Convert
one energy type to
another.
How do we
produce electricity?
Generators - - - - > Mechanical
Batteries - - - - - > Chemicals
Photovoltaic Cells - > Light
Piezio electric - - > Pressure

Generator – A mechanical device that
produces electricity by a process of rotating
a magnet inside a coil of copper wire. A
generator is a transducer that uses rotary
mechanical motion to produces electricity.
Industrial & Home Electrical Generators
Battery
Photovoltaic Cells
Piezio Electric
Renewable Energy Vs. Non Renewable
Natural Energy
All Renewable
Non Consumed when used
Solar
Wind
Water
Geothermal
Energy Existing in Nature
Natural energy sources are
ALL RENEWABLE
Wind Energy
Wind Farm
Wind Farm
Middlegruden
Wind Farm
Wind Farm
Wind Turbine Generator
LIPA wind farm
Heat Energy

Geothermal – heat from the earth

Solar Thermal – heat from the sun
Solar Energy
Light
Heat
Solar Energy
Light energy -- Electrical energy
Uses Photovoltaic Cell
Solar Energy
Water Energy
Water must be Moving
•Hydroelectric Power- dams & rivers
•Tidal – vertical movement of tides
•Wave – using the up/down motion of
waves
•Thermal-using the temperature difference
of oceans
Hydroelectric
Tidal
Wave
Oregon State Wave Park
A 2.25-megawatt project off the coast of Portugal went on line this fall (2008), becoming the world's
first commercial wave-energy development in operation. It can supply 1,500 households with
electricity.
Ocean Thermal
Fuels
Fuels
 Advantages
Portable
 Storable

 Disadvantages

Pollute
Energy from Fuels
Must Be Burned to Create Steam
 Pollute
 Some are :
 Renewable
 Non Renewable

Renewable Fuels
Replaceable in a short period of time
Biomass - - - - -> Once alive
 Plants
 Trees-Wood
 Corn, Sugar Cane –Ethanol Alcohol
 Algae
 Garbage

Biomass as Fuels
Non Renewable Fuels
Non Renewable Fuels

Fossil Fuels
 Petroleum- Oil
 Gasoline
 Heating Oil
 Plastics
 Coal
 Natural Gas
Non Renewable Energy

Nuclear
 Fission - split atoms
 Fusion – combine atoms
Energy Conservation
Shut off lights
 Fluorescent/Compact lights

Recycle
Reduce
Reuse
What do biomass and fossil fuels
have in common?
Burnable
Pollute
Name two advantages to fuels
and why we use them.
Portable
Storable
What energy source do you think
is the safest, cleanest, easiest to
use?
Great New York Blackout
Hopefully
Not
The End