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Transcript
Final Review UNIT 1 The Earth Do Now: please take out pink review packets HW: Final Exam Thursday January 22, 2015 Review Packet Unit 2- Natural Disasters Biosphere Parts of the hydrosphere, lithosphere, and atmosphere where life exists Lithosphere The solid part of Earth • Igneous Rocks: formed from volcanoes • Sedimentary Rocks: 80% of rocks on Earth, formed under water, layers • Metamorphic Rocks: formed by heat and pressure Plate Tectonics • Convergent: two plates collide, forms mountains • Subduction: ocean plates goes under less dense continental plate, forms volcanoes, earthquakes, trenches • Divergent: two plates moving apart, forms mid ocean ridge • Transform fault: two plates slide past eachother causing an earthquake, ex- San Andreas fault in California Hydrosphere water part of Earth, ex: oceans, lakes, glaciers, streams The Water Cycle o Evaporation: Water changes from liquid to gas when temperature increases o Condensation: Water changes from gas to liquid, formation of clouds o Precipitation: rain, snow, sleet, hail o Run-off: Water moves from a high elevation (mountain) into a body of water (ocean, lake) o Transpiration: The release of water vapor from plants o Groundwater: Water is absorbed into the ground Atmosphere The gases surrounding us Weather Factors Affecting Weather 1. Temperature 2. Wind 3. Humidity 4. Cloud cover Clouds Cirrus: feathery, wispy, end of clear weather Cumulus: cottony, good weather Stratus: layered, light rain or snow Nimbus: rain cloud Air Masses Properties determined by where it develops • Continental polar: cold and dry • Maritime polar: cool and moist • Continental arctic: bitterly cold and dry • Continental tropical: warm and dry • Maritime tropical: warm and moist Fronts • • • • Boundary between two air masses Cold: cold air moving towards warm air, blue triangles Warm: warm air moving towards cold air, red scallops Occluded: cold front overtakes a warm front, alternating cold and warm symbols facing the same way Stationary: warm and cold air pushing against eachother but neither one is strong enough to move the other, alternating cold and warm symbols facing opposite directions Gases • • • • Nitrogen: 78% Oxygen: 21% Argon: 0.9% Carbon Dioxide: 0.03% Layers o Troposphere: layer surrounding us, where weather occurs, temperature decreases o Stratosphere: ozone layer Ozone: protects us from UV rays o Mesosphere: temperature decreases o Thermosphere: temperature increases