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Climate and Weather Vocabulary Part Two Air Mass Large body of air that gets its temperature and humidity from the land or water over which it forms. Front Boundary between 2 different air masses, and usually brings some type of precipitation. Cold Front Rapidly moving cold air overtakes the slower warm air. The warm air quickly rises allowing water vapor to condense. Thunderstorms and severe weather are common at these fronts. Warm Front Warmer air slowly moves over colder air and replaces it; leads to long periods of steady rain or snow. Stationary Front A cold front and a warm front meet, and neither can move the other out of the way; creates days and days of the same weather (rain or dry spells). Occluded Front A warm air mass is trapped between a cool air mass and a cold air mass. The warm air is cut off from the surface. This leads to heavy rain. Low Pressure Systems Winds blow into low pressure areas. Warm moist air will rise, causing cloud formation. Weather is usually cloudy or stormy. High Pressure Systems Winds blow away from high pressure areas. Sinking motion of air makes it difficult for clouds to form. Weather is usually clear and sunny. Thunderstorms Brought by cumulonimbus clouds. Tornadoes Violent, whirling winds that form over land. Hurricanes Large, swirling storms that form over the ocean. They are the most powerful storms. Warm, moist air must be present for a hurricane to develop.