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Earthquakes BY: 3 students Table of contents Chapter One is on page 3. Chapter Two is on page 7. Chapter Three is on page 10. Bibliography is on page 14. Chapter One Question One Q: What are the three types of plate movement and what do they look like? A: The three types of plate movements are subduction, spreading, and divergent. Subduction is when an ocean plate dives under a continental plate. Spreading is when two plates move away from each other. Divergent is when two plates rub against each other. Chapter One Question Two Q: How thick are the plates and how far do they move in one year? A: The North America Continent moves 1.15 cm per year. The South American plate moves 1.45 cm per year. The Eurasian plate moves 0.95 cm per year. The African plate moves 2.15. The Indian moves 6.00 cm per year. The Antarctic plate moves 2.05. The Continental plates are thicker than the ocean plates. Continental plates very from 30-70 kilometers thick. The ocean plates are usually 10 kilometers thick. Chapter One Question Three Q: What is the earth made up of, explain the major layers. A: The earth is made up of rock and magma but the core is made of solid iron and nickel. The earth is made of three layers. First there is the crust; the crust is very thin. It would seem as thin as a piece of paper if you compare it to the mantle. The mantle is the second layer. It is the thickest layer. There are two parts of the mantle. There is the upper and the lower. The upper is closer to the crust. The lower is closer to the core. The core is the last layer. There is also two parts of the core. There is the inner and outer core. The inner core is at the center of the earth is made of solid iron and nickel. The outer core is melted iron and nickel. Chapter One Question Four Q: What is the ring of fire and what does it have to do with earthquakes? A: The ring of fire is an area where many earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. It circles the Pacific Ocean basin. It is 40,000 kilometers long and is shaped like a horseshoe. It has to do with earthquakes because there are many continental plates and trenches along it. Since there are many plates, subduction, divergent, and spreading can happen. Chapter Two Question One Q: Where in California do most earthquakes happen? A: The mostly happen in south California because that is where two plates meat. Also the faults cause it in the middle of California. There is also one more spot that creates lots of earthquakes, it is called the geysers but they are not really geysers they are just called that. Chapter Two Question Two Q: Why do they take place in those places? A:They happen in those places because of the fault. The fault is where to tectonic plates meet Chapter Two Question Two Q: Why do they occur in California? A: Earthquakes occur in California because that is where two plates meet, right on the edge of the state also known as the ring of fire. Chapter Three Question One Q: What are the major dangers of earth quakes? A: Some of the dangers of an earth quake are falling objects things can fall from shelves. Fires can also get started because of power lines getting knocked down or oil lines. Avalanches and mudslides Chapter Three Question Two • Q: What can you do to be prepared for an earth quake? • A: Learn how to secure all of your items in your house. You could anchor potting plants by rapping fishing wire around it. To secure a book case you could screw brackets onto the book shelf as well as the wall. In an earthquake one of the first things you can do is get away from the fire place. Even though there are many different types of fireplaces none of them will be able to sustain a severe earth quake. To prepare for an earthquake you should have had Chapter Three Question Three • Q: List your suggestions to keep safe in an earthquake. • A: If you are inside you should go under a strong table and stay away from big objects. If you are outside stay away from trees, buildings and power lines. If you are in a car say in your car and get away from other cars and buildings. Go to some place like an open parking lot. Chapter Three Question Four Q: Make a list of supplies families should have on hand for all emergencies. A: Your family should have a first aid kit, canned food and a can opener and lots of water at least 3 gallons for each person, for a complete list you should go to http://www.abag.ca.gov/bay area/eqmaps/fixit/plansuppli es.html . Bibliography Chapter One • • • • • • • 305px-Oceanic-continental_convergence_Fig21oceancont.svg.png. [WWW], http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Oceaniccontinental_convergence_Fig21oceancont.svg topo.jpg. [WWW], http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/structure/crust/ earth.jpg. [WWW], http://www.uvm.edu/~inquiryb/webquest/fa05/lkenney/earth.jpg rof2.jpg. [WWW], http://www.crystalinks.com/rof.html Earth-cutaway.img_assist_custom.jpg. [WWW], http://www.mysciencebox.org/files/images/Earthcutaway.img_assist_custom.jpg Forces%20that%20Cause%20PT.jpg. [WWW], http://www.cas.muohio.edu/limpermuseum/InvestigateConceptsInGeology/_ images/Forces%20that%20Cause%20PT.jpg image005.jpg. [WWW], http://dl.ccc.cccd.edu/classes/internet/geology100/IntroLecture_files/image0 05.jpg Bibliography Chapter Two • Recent earthquakes-map for 121-40 [WWW], http://quake.usgs.gov/recenteqs/Maps/12140.htm • San_andreas.jif [WWW] http://commons.bcit.ca/civil/students/earthquake s/san_andreas.gif • Sanandreasfault_srtm.jpg[WWW] http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/0012/sanandre asfault_srtm.jpg Bibliography Chapter Three • Undertable.gif [WWW], http://seagrant.uaf.edu/features/earthquake/images/undertable.gif • 3.jpg. [WWW], http://www.leo.lehigh.edu/projects/seismic/pictures/3.jpg • fixit-plan-supplies.gif, [WWW]. http://www.abag.ca.gov/bayarea/eqmaps/images/fixit-plansupplies.gif • 64700410.GIF, [WWW]. http://www.johnmartin.com/earthquakes/eqshow/images/ • • earthquake.jpg. [WWW], http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/about_spl/press_releases/