Download Name: Church History Into the Darkness 476

Name:____________________
Church History
Into the Darkness 476-800
The Benedictine Order
St. Benedict (480-547) – Father of __________________ Monasticism
Wrote “________________________” a book of precepts for living the monastic life style.
The Rule can be summed up “Ora et labora” which means prayer and work.
1500 year old tradition.
St. Benedict’s main monastery - _____________________________
Monks Saved the (Western) World
__________________ become pockets of knowledge, culture, and prayer
3 Main Effects on Europe
1. __________________ and __________________ of rural society
- Boosted agriculture, acted as small towns for places not near cities.
2. Chief centers of __________________ and __________________
-Preserved important items and texts
3. Civilizing the __________________
Pope St. Gregory the Great “The Servant of the Servants of God”
540-604
Originally the prefect of Rome – civilian leader (mayor/police chief/treasurer)
Lived as a __________________ & established 6 monasteries
Served as Papal Ambassador to Constantinople under Pope Pelagius II
Elected as the 64th Pope in 590 1st _______________to become pope
Responsible for the __________________ of much of Europe  especially England
Motivated by having watched a young English boy being sold as a slave
Five Legacies of Pope Gregory the Great
1. _______________________: used Church wealth to feed the poor and build churches and city
walls
2. Church Leader and Reformer: Standardized __________________ education, wrote guidelines
for __________________ and standards for the moral life of __________________
3. __________________: Sent negotiators and missionaries to barbarians
4. __________________: Organized and wrote Christian music  Gregorian Chant
5. Establishment of Christendom  especially though the mission to Britain
Early Mission Activity in Europe
Monks were pivotal in the __________________ of pagan tribes.
Violence and cruelty common among the barbarian tribes.
Many lands and people converted when their __________________ __________________ converted.
Europe totally Catholic (nominally) by 1330.
Conversion of Franks
__________________: King of the Franks (late 400’s) converted after winning battle.
Married to St. __________________
__________________ Dynasty- Begins with Clovis.
Clovis unites __________________ (modern day France)
Spain
Spain is already Christian due to the missionary efforts of the Apostle __________________
__________________ and _____________________
Controlled by __________________ in late 6th c.
St. __________________ (Visogoth prince) marries a Merovingian princess and eventually converts. Civil
war with his father, captured and then killed.
His brother converts to Catholicism and all of Spain soon follows.
Conversion of the Celts
St. __________________
__________________ ____ (not Irish)born near the beginning of the 5th c.
Captured by pirates and became a __________________, worked in NW Ireland.
Eventually he escaped and became a priest and Bishop of Ireland.
Preached and converted thousands in __________________.
St. __________________
Important saint who helped Irish Monasticism.
Converted the __________________.
His spirituality and spreading of the faith led to the use of ______________,______________ penance.
Conversion of England
St. ________________________________
Sent to evangelize in Britain in 596.
Great example of obedience, upon hearing of the terrible violence of the __________________
______________Augustine turns around and heads back to Rome. Gregory the Great then urges them
and insists there is nothing to fear.
Missionary efforts were not always __________________. St. Augustine had to work very hard.
St. __________________
Father of _________________________, known as “Venerable” Bede.
First one to use “________.” and “________”
Sets standard of __________________ scholasticism, leads to how history ought to be written.
Conversion of Germany
Shout out to St. __________________
Apostle of __________________
St. __________________ – Born Winfrid in England
Apostle of __________________
Plagued by despair and discouraged by his suffering and the difficulty of evangelizing to the Germans
Felled the __________________ ______- Not just cutting down a tree but a symbol of false gods and
paganism.
__________________ by pagans
His work was pivotal in the expansion of Christianity within Germany. His establishment of monasteries,
leadership, reform of the Church helped Catholicism take root and grow within the heart of Europe.
Conversion of the Slavs
St. __________________ – Apostle of the __________________
Began as a Pagan Chieftain, multiple wives, many children worshipped idols and a fierce ruler
Wanted to use religion to solidify his rule. “Christianity was more edifying than Islam or Christianity”
Made a deal with Byzantine emperor Basil II  either “I attack or I marry your sister Anna”.
St. Vladimir was baptized then marred Anna.
__________________ seemed to convert Vladimir. Reformed his ruling and focused on being a good
follower of Christ.
Conversion of Scandinavia
St. __________________ (801-865) Apostle of the __________________
Important figure within __________________ and __________________.
Worked to undo the __________________, example of the Church’s social progressiveness.
So what?
Evangelization is a necessary part of the Catholic faith. Jesus commands that we spread the word of
God, “Go and make disciples of all nations.”
Christendom has now been established but a new religion begins and history shall unfold…
Rise of Islam
• Began in _______________ (Arabia) by __________________ in ________
• Based on revelations by an angel of the one true God ________
• Originally a reform of ________________ – calling the people to stricter monotheism
• Became very popular among tribal groups eventually led to jealousies that forced Muhammad
and his followers (Muslims) to leave Mecca on the ________________ in 622 (year 1 on the
Muslim Calendar) for the city of ________________
• ___________: submission to God
• ___________: religion and way of life of Muslims
Origins of Islam
• The “________________” Muhammad preaches monotheism in Mecca.
• Forced to ________________ Mecca for his life. His teaching has caused problems with the
Arabic elite.
• This flight is known as the ________________ or “________________” in Arabic.
• Muhammad goes to ________________ and is hailed as a religious leader. Becomes political
leader of Medina.
• (While in Medina Muhammad slaughters the Jewish population of men and sells the women and
children into slavery).
• 630 A.D. Muhammad ________________ the city of Mecca. The ________________ was
spared destruction.
Scripture
Bible
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Written by ________________ over time = ________________
________________ recordings of same event(s). i.e. 4 Gospel accounts all telling the same story.
________________ – Holy Spirit works directly the free will of individuals to produce Christian
scripture.
________________ (list of Biblical books) decided by ________________ of the Magisterium.
________________
• Written by ________________ – Mohammed. Claimed that the ________________ dictated the
exact words of the Koran.
• Koran means “________________” in Arabic.
• Written in the form of ________________, meant to be ________________
Jewish-Christian-Muslim Relations
• Muslims consider Christians and Jews “________________”
• Jews and Christians have the same God, but Muslims think we
___________________________________________________________
• Many converted because of ________________ or ________________
• Muslim empire spread rapidly: Reaches ________________ by 700’s
• Failed sieges on ________________ and ________________
•
defeated by ________________ @ ________________, 732 – if Muslims had been
victorious all of Europe would have been conquered
• In conquests: Jewish and Christian houses of worship were protected because God was
worshipped there.
5 Pillars of Islam
- ______________
- ______________
- ______________
- ______________
- ______________
Islamic Beliefs/Ideology
• ________________ – “struggle”
• ________________ Jihad- personal spiritual battle to follow religious duties
• ________________ Jihad – physical struggle against the enemies of Islam.
• House of ________________ /House of ________________
• ________________ – no separation of religion and government, both are one in the same.
• Allah is the same God of the Jews.
• Borrows from Judaism and Christianity – claims those two Religions have “________________”
God’s will.
Spread of Islam
• Islam quickly spreads its empire after the death of Muhammad in _____.
• The spread of territory and religion go hand in hand. The Islamic faith seeks converts and
_______________________________.
• 638- ________________ falls
• 643 – ________________ falls
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698 – All of North Africa is under Muslim rule.
711 – ________________ falls
732 – Muslim expansion into France is halted by Charles Martel in the Battle of Tours.
Muslims also attempted to take over Constantinople twice in 717 and 740.
Why does is spread so quickly?!?!
• Muslims gave newly conquered civilians two options: ________________ or the
________________. Many chose to ________________.
• Islam appealed to the ________________, ________________ and ________________.
• It requires ________________, ________________, satisfies religious instincts without
forbidding the baser pleasures of human life.
Miscellaneous
• Islam claims its origins in the OT with ______________(Abraham’s son) but denies the Messianic
theme of the OT.
• Recognizes Jesus as a ________________ but wholly denies the NT accounts of Jesus life.
• Rejects the ________________ of Jesus
• Mohammed picked and chose what he liked and did not like from Christianity and Judaism.
• Preaches tolerance and peace but also the annihilation of non-believers.
Battle of Tours 732 A.D.
Muslim conquest is quelled by __________________ (The Hammer)
Prevented from attacking all of __________________.
Defining moment of __________________ – Christian failure at the Battle of Tours would have led to
full Muslim invasion of Europe and a very different story of history.
Carolingian Dynasty
__________________ Dynasty corrupted and incompetent has nominal power over the Franks.
__________________ Dynasty (named for Charles Martel) maintains the actual power over the Franks.
Charles Martel  Pepin the Short  Charlemagne
________________________
•
Short, built, physically strong stature (namesake), yet extremely smart and clever = ambitious
leader.
• Asked Pope St. Zachary to name him King of the Franks because it was him who actually held the
power.
• The Pope officially recognized Pepin as the King bringing in the __________________ Dynasty.
Franks and the Papacy
November 11, 751 __________________ is crowned King of the Franks by St. __________________.
__________________ has shown that it has the __________________ to appoint secular Kings.
Pepin becomes protector of the __________________
Threatened by the __________________ (Italian barbarians) Rome (the Papcy) looks to the Franks for
help.
Pepin defeats the Lombards, preventing them from attacking Rome.
Secures Ravenna and Perugia thus creating the __________________.
The Papal states
_____________________
The Papacy is now a ___________________________________ leader as well as a spiritual leader.
++++++
Papacy gains __________________ from Byzantine influences.
Provided set boundaries to protect against Lombards and other belligerents.
----- Graying of Spiritual and Political power of the Pope/Church.
- Temptation to abuse power can lead to the Church not always make the best decisions.
__________________ –Charles the Great
_______ of Pepin the Short.
Reigned for almost half a century (769-814)
Extremely effective and good leader
Talented __________________ strategist
Very intelligent, knew Latin and Greek, memorized portions of “City of God”
Brought about many reforms in his Frankish Kingdom; political, religious, cultural.
Devoted __________________, adored the Church, created dioceses, gave to the poor protected the
papacy,
Charlemagne
July of 773 the Lombards (Barbarian tribe in Italy) threatened Rome. Charlemagne protects the papacy
by defeating the Lombards.
Makes himself King of the Lombards thus __________________ the Germanic tribes under one ruler.
Pope Leo III is attacked due to charges of __________________. Charlemagne comes to the rescue and
helps the Pope regain his office.
_____________________ Mass in 800 Charlemagne is crowned by the Pope.
Reaffirms Charlemagne as __________________ ___________________but also gives him the imperial
title of ____________________________________________.
This effectively includes the Germanic tribes into the Roman Empire.