Download The Strangeness of Neutron Stars Neutron stars are the super

The Strangeness of Neutron Stars
Neutron stars are the super-dense remnants of very massive stars (10 to 25
times the mass of our sun) whose life
cycles end in a supernova explosion.
They provide a means to study the nature of matter at densities far beyond
those attainable with terrestrial experiments. In the core of a neutron star the
density is so extreme that atomic nuclei dissociate into
their constituent baryons (neutrons and protons). Due
to the Pauli Exclusion Principle of Quantum Mechanics,
these baryons reach extremely high energies, and particle reactions that favor the creation of exotic baryons
called hyperons are likely to occur. Hyperons, such as
the Lambda, Sigma, and Xi baryons, differ from neutrons
and protons in that they possess at least one constituent
strange quark.
To model neutron star matter we use the relativistic
mean-field theory in which baryons (neutrons, protons,
hyperons) interact through the exchange of particles
called mesons, and the strength of these baryon-baryon
interactions is scaled by the meson-baryon coupling
constants. The meson-hyperon coupling constants governing the attractive part of baryon-hyperon interaction
can be somewhat constrained by experiment. However,
at this time the coupling constants responsible for the
repulsive part of that interaction are constrained only by
the bulk properties of neutron stars.
In our current work we are investigating the repulsive
meson-hyperon coupling space using parameterizations
consistent with the current constraints on nuclear matter at saturation density (e.g. SW1, GM1L, and DD2).
Of particular interest is the region of the coupling space
for which the model reproduces a neutron star with a
maximum mass that satisfies the constraint set by PSR
J0348+0432, observed to have a mass approximately
twice that of our Sun. Also of interest is the strangeness
fraction of neutron stars (fraction of strange quarks to
total quarks). Our results indicate that the strangeness
fraction may be substantial, and show strangeness hot
spots that consistently appear in the same region of the
coupling space for different nuclear parameterizations.
William M. Spinella and Fridolin Weber
This research is supported by the National
Science Foundation (PHY-1411708 and DUE1259951) grants, the Computational Science
Research Center (CSRC) at San Diego State
University and the Department of Physics at
San Diego State University