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Part II
Answers and Solutions to Text
Exercises
Chapter 1
Introduction to Fluid Power
1-1.
Fluid power is the technology which deals with the
generation, control and transmission of power using
pressurized fluids.
1-2.
Liquids provide a very rigid medium for transmitting power
and thus can provide huge forces to move loads with utmost
accuracy and precision.
1-3.
1-4.
The terms “fluid power” and “hydraulics and pneumatics”
are synonymous.
Advantages of Fluid Power Systems
1. Not hindered by geometry of machine.
2. Provides remote control.
3. Complex mechanical linkages are eliminated.
4. Instantly reversible motion.
5. Automatic protection against overloads.
6. Infinitely variable speed control.
Advantages of Mechanical System:
1. No mess due to oil leakage problems.
2. No danger of bursting of hydraulic lines.
3. No fire hazard due to oil leaks.
1-5.
Fluid transport systems have as their sole objective the
delivery of a fluid from one location to another to
accomplish some useful purpose such as pumping water to
homes. Fluid power systems are designed specifically to
perform work such as power steering of automobiles.
1-6.
Hydraulic fluid power uses liquids which provide a very
rigid medium for transmitting power. Thus huge forces can
be provided to move loads with utmost accuracy and
precision. Pneumatic systems exhibit spongy
characteristics due to the compressibility of air. However
pneumatic systems are less expensive to build and operate.
1-7.
Hydraulic cylinder.
1-8.
Hydraulic motor.
1-9.
1. Liquids provide a very rigid medium.
2. Power capacity of fluid systems is limited only by the
strength capacity of the component material.
1-10.
Pneumatic systems exhibit spongy characteristics due to
the compressibility of air.
1-11.
An electric motor or other power source to drive the pump
or compressor.
1-12.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Reservoir.
Pump.
Prime mover.
Valves.
Actuators.
Piping.
1-13.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Compressed air tank.
Compressor.
Prime mover.
Valves.
Actuators.
Piping.
1-14.
Plant tour.
1-15.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1-16.
Air has entered the hydraulic oil line and has greatly
reduced the Bulk Modulus (measure of stiffness or
incompressibility) of the oil-air combination fluid.
1-17.
Hydraulic applications are: automobile power steering and
brakes, aircraft landing gear, lift trucks and front-end
loaders.
Power brakes.
Power steering.
Shock absorbers.
Air conditioning.
Automotive transmissions.
Pneumatic applications are: packaging machinery,
environmental test equipment, artificial heart, logic
control systems and robotic materials handling devices.
1-18.
Hydraulic sales – 75%
Pneumatic sales – 25%
1-19.
1. Fluid power mechanics.
2. Fluid power technicians.
3. Fluid power engineers.
1-20.
The fluid power industry is huge as evidenced by its
present annual sales figure of $13.6 billion registered by
U.S. Companies and $35.5 billion worldwide. It is also a
fast-growing industry with a 67% increase in terms of U.S.
equipment sales during the period 1991-2000.
1-21.
Research project.
1-22.
Research project.