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8. Mitosis Living Environment Mr. Wiley Overview of Mitosis • Mitosis- cell division • Cell Division- when one cell divides or splits into two new cells • Asexual reproduction • One “parent cell” becomes two “daughter cells” • Cells are identical to the parent cell (same size, shape, DNA, job) • Occurs in somatic (body) cells • Skin, eyes, muscles, organs, any cell that is not sperm/egg I. Interphase (PRE-Mitosis) • Cell is preparing for mitosis (division) • DNA is duplicated • Extra proteins and organelles form • Centrioles- proteins that pull DNA apart What does DNA look like during interphase? II. M Phase Two parts: 1. Mitosis “PMAT” 2. Cytokinesis A. Prophase B. Metaphase C. Anaphase D. Telophase Interphase A. Prophase Prophase • Nucleus begins to disappear • DNA condenses to form Chromosomes • Chromosome- compact form of DNA, looks like an X • Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell • Spindle fibers start to form What do you see? Compare how the nucleus looks. Compare how the DNA looks. Compare how the centrioles look. Is there anything new? Prophase in real cells under the microscope Prophase B. Metaphase • Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell Metaphase • Spindle fibers stretch out and attach to chromosomes *Remember Metaphase… “M” for “Middle” because chromosomes line up in the middle What do you see? Check out the chromosomes & spindle fibers Metaphase in real cells under the microscope Metaphase C. Anaphase *Remember Anaphase… “A” for “Away” because chromosomes are being pulled away from each other Anaphase • Spindle fibers pull chromosomes apart towards opposite sides of the cell What is happening? Check out the chromosomes & spindle fibers Anaphase in real cells under the microscope • Two nuclei are formed • Spindle fibers disappear • Cell membrane starts to pinch E. Cytokinesis What is happening? Cytokinesis • Cell membrane pinches in and cell splits • Chromosomes unwind Telophase What is happening? What formed/disappeared? Anaphase D. Telophase Telophase in real cells under the microscope Thirty seconds Get a partner and dry erase board What is it? a What is it? b What is it? c What is it? D What is it? e HeLa Cells • • • • • • • • • • Line of cells used for research Named after Henrietta Lacks Cells were stolen during her cancer treatment Dr. Gey was successful in getting cells to perform mitosis in test tube (1951) Dr. Gey did not profit from these cells but sent them out to other researchers HeLa cells have been sold since 1954 60,000 articles, 11,000 patents Family did not find out about HeLa cells until 1970s The family cannot afford health insurance/care and many are sick In the 1980’s a court case ruled that a patient has no rights to money made off of their cells. What are your opinions on this matter? The accompanying diagram represents a cell process. Which statement regarding this process is correct? (A)Cell B contains the same genetic information that cells A and C contain (B)Cell C has DNA that is only 50% identical to cell B (C)Cell A has DNA that is only 75% identical to cell B (D)Cells A, B, and C contain completely different genetic information