Download Name - Pukekohe High School

Name
Form
Food for Life
nakunaku
1
Specific Learning Objectives
By the end of this topic you should be able to:

1. Recognise the four main food groups and their function in the body, AND understand how food,
health, hygiene and storage are all related
2. Learn the parts of the digestive system, and describe how it breaks down large food particles into
smaller, soluble molecules that are absorbed (physical & chemical)
3. Describe how oxygen enters the body and is absorbed into the blood system. and the difference
between the terms breathing and cellular respiration.
4. Describe how food, oxygen and wastes are transported within humans.
Glossary:
Carbohydrate ______________________________________________________________________________
Lipids_____________________________________________________________________________________
Vitamins __________________________________________________________________________________
Minerals __________________________________________________________________________________
Protein ___________________________________________________________________________________
Food pyramid ______________________________________________________________________________
Balanced diet _______________________________________________________________________________
Deficiency disease ___________________________________________________________________________
Chemical digestion __________________________________________________________________________
Mechanical digestion _________________________________________________________________________
Ingestion __________________________________________________________________________________
Incisors ___________________________________________________________________________________
Canines ___________________________________________________________________________________
Molars ____________________________________________________________________________________
Enamel ____________________________________________________________________________________
Dentine ___________________________________________________________________________________
Oesophagus ________________________________________________________________________________
Peristalsis __________________________________________________________________________________
Bowel / colon ______________________________________________________________________________
Arteries __________________________________________________________________________________
Veins ____________________________________________________________________________________
Ventricles ________________________________________________________________________________
Capillaries ________________________________________________________________________________
Atria ______________________________________________________________________________________
Alveoli ____________________________________________________________________________________
Trachea ___________________________________________________________________________________
Bronchus __________________________________________________________________________________
2
FL1 Foods
Sort these foods into the main food group which they belong to ie. the one they fit best.
Kumara, spinach, butter, eggs, bread, steak, margarine, salt, rice, chocolate, snapper,
oranges, cheese, broccoli, mayonnaise, pasta
Carbohydrates
Fats and Oils
Protein
Vitamins & Minerals
Which of the 4 main food groups has the most expensive foods in it ?__________________________________
Which food group gives the most energy per gram?________________________________
Which food group is most likely to cause heart disease and obesity ?______________________________
Which food group do we only need eat tiny amounts of many types ?__________________________________
Which foods build body tissue and repair damage ? _________________________________________________
Name a food that you would eat to avoid getting scurvy ? ____________________________________________
FL2 Testing Food
1. Protein
To a mixture of food and water add about 1 mL of _____________ ____________ solution,
followed by a couple of drops of copper sulphate solution. If protein is present the mixture will
turn_________________, if not it will stay blue . This test is called the _______________ test.
Glucose
To a mixture of food and water add 1 mL of ____________________ solution and ________
gently over a Bunsen burner flame. The mixture starts of a ____________colour, but if glucose
is present it will turn__________________ or orange, depending on how much sugar is present.
Starch
Add a drop of ___________________ solution directly onto the food. If starch is present it will
turn b_________/b _________. If there is no starch the food will be stained o______________
(the colour of the __________________ solution)
Fat
Place a small piece of the food onto ________________ paper. If fat is present a greasy spot will
mark the paper.
3
2. Andre tested some foods. His results are shown below. What nutrients are present in each
food sample? Write your answers in the space on the right of the table like the example.
Food Protein
A
B
C
D
E
F
purple
blue
blue
purple
blue
blue
Result of tests on food
Simple
Starch
sugars
blue
orange brown
orange
blue/black
blue
blue/black
green
orange brown
blue
orange brown
yellow
orange brown
A Protein and fat only.
Fat
B__________________________
yes
yes
no
not tested
no
no
C__________________________
D__________________________
E__________________________
F__________________________
3. Match these real foods to the samples Andre tested. Which one is most likely results for food
A for example.
Rice____________________ Lettuce_____________________ Biscuit_________________
Cheese__________________ Milk_______________________ Grapes_________________
FL3 The digestive system
Label the diagram 1 example given
A
B
C
D
E
F SALIVARY GLANDS
G
H
I
J
K
4
Fill in the blanks.
The food we eat needs to be d__ __ __ __ __ __ __ . The t __ __ __ __ bite and chew the food until it is small
enough to be swallowed. Chemical digestion starts in the mouth when the food is mixed with saliva. Saliva
contains e__ __ __ __ __ __ that help in the digestion of the food.
The food is swallowed and reaches the stomach via the oesophagus or g__ __ __ __ __. In the stomach there are
more enzymes and some hydrochloric a__ __ __ is added. This helps us break down p __ __ __ __ __ __ __ .
The food is mixed in the stomach for some time.
From the stomach the food moves into the s __ __ __ __ in__ __ __ __ __ __ __ and bi __ __ is added. This is
produced in the li __ __ __.The food then moves on down the tube and enzymes from the p __ __ __ __ __ __ __
work on the food. The food that is small enough to be absorbed by the b __ __ __ __ then moves through the
walls of the small intestine and into the blood stream.
The finger-like areas on the wall of the intestine allow more blood to be close to the food as it passes through the
intestine. As the soluble food passes through the intestine it is ab __ __ __ __ __ __
by the blood. Food that is
too large to be digested by the body is removed via the large intestine. In the large intestine most of the excess
w __ __ __ __ is removed by the body and the waste material that is left is now quite solid. The faeces leaves the
body through the a __ __ __.
FL4 True/False
Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false.
1
Chemical digestion only occurs in the stomach.
______________
2
Food travels down to the stomach via the trachea.
______________
3
Most digestive enzymes will only function at 37°C, which is body temperature.
4
In the large intestine, water and minerals are absorbed and so it is only waste matter that is removed via the
anus.
5
_______________
_____________
Bile is secreted into the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine, and it neutralises the acidic content of
the stomach.
_____________
6
No carbohydrate digestion occurs in the small intestine.
______________
7
Food is stored in the liver when digestion is completed.
______________
8
The journey of food through the human alimentary canal, the digestive system , usually takes 36 hours to
complete.
______________
5
FL5 Food fit for a Kakapo
Kakapo are New Zealand’s most endangered bird. About 60 birds are alive today, but the majority of them are
males and almost all of them are old. Kakapo only breed every 4-5 years, and even then the chicks seldom
survive to adulthood. In the ten years from 1986, only three chicks survived. Kakapo are herbivores – they eat a
mixture of leaves, roots, flowers and fruit, but they never eat meat. DOC scientists noticed that Kakapo seem to
breed in the same years as the Rimu fruit. (Rimu trees fruit only every 3-4 years, but when they do , all the Rimu
trees in the forest fruit at once.) They wondered if the birds would breed better if more food was available.
1. Three of the main classes of food are carbohydrates, protein and fats. Which of these:
a) provide energy_____________________________________________________________________
b) build body tissue ___________________________________________________________________
2. Identify the main class(es) of food present in these human foods: (example given)
Apples______________________________________
Kumara_____________________________________
Raisins______________________________________
Almonds = Proteins & fats/oils
Bananas ____________________________________
Honey______________________________________
Brazil nuts __________________________________
Green Beans _________________________________
Rice________________________________________
3. DOC staff offered some Kakapo food from the above list of foods. They found that while each bird showed
individual likes and dislikes, the almonds and Brazil nuts were particularly popular. Why might almonds
and Brazil nuts be particularly good for the kakapo to eat ?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
4. After mating, the female builds a nest, and hatches and raises her chick alone. Each night she leaves the
nest for several hours to feed. Give two reasons why supplementary feeding (giving extra food) by DOC
may help the chances of the young chicks surviving and staying alive?
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
6
FL6
Humans have a blood system to transport energy and substances around their bodies:
Energy/substances carried by the blood.
Transported
From
food
food
oxygen
hormones (chemical messengers)
carbon dioxide
heat
wastes
small intestine
liver
lungs
glands
body cells
body cells
body cells
To
liver
body cells
body cells
body cells
lungs
skin
kidneys
The heart pumps blood through tubes called blood vessels. The average person has approximately 100 000km of
blood vessels. The rate at which the heart pumps is affected by exercise. The heart muscle can become damaged
if it does not get enough food or oxygen.
1. Name three substances transported by the blood.
________________________ _________________________ _______________________
Blood Vessels
There are three main types of blood vessels: arteries, veins and capillaries.
Arteries are thick-walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart. Blood in an artery flows fast and is under
high pressure. Artery walls contain elastic fibres and muscles to withstand blood pressure and to help squeeze
the blood along. Most arteries transport oxygenated blood which is bright red.
Veins have thin walls and carry blood back to the heat. Blood moves as muscles around the veins are contracted.
Blood flows only slowly in veins. Veins have valves to stop blood flowing backwards. Most veins carry
deoxygenated blood which is a dull red colour.
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that reach the cells of the body. No cell is more than 1mm away from a
capillary. Capillaries provide cells with food, oxygen and water and remove their wastes.
2. Label the diagram by putting the correct letter in the boxes..
A Valve there are 3 of these 1
is done for you.
B Left atrium
C Right atrium
D Vena cava (returns blood
from body)
E pulmonary artery
( takes blood to lungs)
F aorta (takes blood to the
body)
G pulmonary vein (returns
blood from the lungs)
H left ventricle (thick walls to
pump blood to body)
I right ventricle
A
7
FL7
1. Using red for oxygenated blood and blue for deoxygenated blood in the diagram below which side of the heart
deals with the oxygenated blood.? ____________________________________.
2. The hepatic portal vein is a short cut from one organ to another organ. Which two organs does it connect?
_________________________________to ______________________________________
3. Why is the heart often referred to as two pumps? _______________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________
4. Where are the lungs found in the body?______________________________________________
5. Research: Find out the name of the main artery that takes blood
(i) to the legs___________________________________________________________________________
(ii) to the head up the side of the neck _______________________________________________________
8
FL8 Gas Exchange
The breathing system consists of the nostrils and the trachea which carries air down to the lungs inside the chest
cavity. The lungs are made of spongy inflatable tissue. The chest cavity is an airtight space surrounded by the rib
cage. A strong muscular sheet called the diaphragm separates the chest cavity the thorax from the stomach
cavity. Air enters the nostrils and passes through the nasal passages where it is filtered, moistened and warmed.
When we breathe in, muscles in the chest force the rib cage up and out and the diaphragm downwards. This
reduces pressure in the chest, so air rushes in to fill the lungs. When you breathe out, the chest cavity contracts in
volume and the pressure increases, the air inside the lungs is expelled.
The trachea divides into two tubes called bronchi, each of which supplies a lung. The bronchi divide into finer
and finer tubes. At the end of these tubes are clusters of microscopic air bags (air sacs) called alveoli.
These tiny alveoli hugely increase the surface area of the lungs for absorbing gas. Oxygen dissolves in the moist
inner lining of the alveoli, and diffuses across into a fine network of blood vessels called capillaries which
encircle the alveoli. Oxygen gas then diffuses into the red blood cells which act as oxygen carriers for the body.
When red blood cells reach other body organs, oxygen gas is released to the cells for use in respiration. The
waste carbon dioxide gas diffuses into the blood where it dissolves in the liquid.
When blood returns to the lungs, waste carbon dioxide gas diffuses across the thin walls into the interior of
alveoli. It is then expelled when you breathe out.
Read the passage above and complete the sentences.
Air enters the _____________________, travels through the ___________ passages, down the ______________
and into the two _____________________ that supply the spongy __________________ inside the __________
cavity. The cavity forms an ________ space surrounded by the ___________________. An elastic
____________________ forms the floor of the chest cavity. Each ____________________ divides up into finer
and finer __________. At the end of the finest tubes are clusters of _______________________ air bags (air
sacs) called ___________________. A network of fine __________________ vessels called
____________________ enclose each alveolus. The exchange of gases occurs when __________________
molecules move from the _________________ into the _____________________, and
_________________________ molecules leave the blood ____________________ and enter the
____________________.The ________________________ gases move across the membranes of the alveoli by
a process called ______________________.
FL 9 RESPIRATION complete the equation for aerobic respiration by adding in the names of the two gases
in the chemical reaction that happens in body cells to get the energy out of glucose.
glucose +
+
water + energy
9
FL 10
10
11
12
Revision Crossword
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