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AP Physics B Overview of Physics Program: AP Physics has been offered here for nine years. Enrollment is around 40 students a year. The school requires all AP students to take the AP Exam. Students who enroll in AP Physics must have completed Trigonometry and be enrolled in AP Calculus or Honors Calculus concurrently. The school operates on a daily schedule of eight 42-minute periods. AP Physics meets 4 days a week with a double period for labs one of those days. Average class size is 20 students. The district requires all students to take some level of physics before graduation. The school offers AP Physics B, Honors Physics, Physics, and Introduction to Conceptual Physics. The Honors Physics can be taken in the junior year, but all others are offered as senior year courses. Students must complete Honors Physics before completing AP Physics B. The following texts are used in the AP Physics B course: Text: Sixth Edition Physics by Giancoli: Pearson Education, Inc., 2006 Student Pocket Companion - Sixth Edition Physics by Giancoli: Pearson Education, Inc., 2005 AP Physics Prep workbooks: Preparing for the Physics B AP Exam with Giancoli’s Physics, 2004 Textbook website: http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_giancoli_physicsppa_6 In addition to the texts used, students have access to review questions and practice problems for each section online through Blackboard. These problems come from the question banks provided through the text. Class Structure and Evaluation: Students in the AP Physics course learn from a variety of instructional strategies. These strategies include guided discussions, inquiry based activities, laboratories, problem solving sessions, and group discussions. Students are given opportunities to work with their peers in order to collaboratively determine solutions to problems or pose questions for further exploration. Some of the differentiated instruction used includes: hands on individual and group laboratory activities student presentations use of various media approaches such as bulletin boards, online resources, video presentations, and electronic whiteboards with interactive panels use of various data collection technologies such as data probes, data collection software, and portable laptop computers classroom discussion tests, quizzes, and homework assignments example problems and whole group demonstrations projects AP Physics Syllabus 1 Two or three days a week, class periods consist of whole group demonstrations and examples followed by small group or individual practice involving problems or activities. During this time, students are also engaged in discussions of problems or topics explored in class. These discussions are then summarized and shared with the class verbally or in written form. The remaining days focus on laboratories and real-life hands-on applications. Students are also evaluated on problems assigned from the text. These problems are assigned either on a daily basis or as a long-term problem set. To be awarded full credit, students must show work in the form of pre-defined problem-solving strategies which include the following: visualize the problem determine the important ideas ask questions make connections to previous situations draw inferences of how it may be solved synthesize the information repair understanding when the answer does not appear correct. Students are also required to complete projects throughout their Physics experience. These include bridge building, water bottle rockets, mousetrap cars, and the house-wiring/ troubleshooting projects. Each project requires students to research a problem, complete initial measurements or mini-labs to help design their solution, design their own solution, build their device, test their final product, analyze its performance, and make a connection to real-world applications of this product. Other forms of evaluation include laboratories, quizzes, and tests. The tests include both multiple choice and free response questions from past AP Physics Exams and test preparation booklets. Students are allowed to use AP reference tables and calculators on portions of tests. Course Outline: 1. Introduction/ Mathematical skills problem solving techniques SI and English systems of measurement and conversions graphing and scientific notation trigonometric functions 2. Motion in One Dimension Displacement and Velocity Motion Graphs Acceleration Free Fall Kinematics Equations 3. Two Dimensional Motion and Vectors Vectors and Vector Operations Relative Motion Projectile Motion AP Physics Syllabus 2 4. Forces and Laws of Motion Mass and Inertia Newton’s Laws Weight Fricion 5. Work and Energy Work Mechanical Energy Conservation of Energy and the Work-Energy Theorem Simple Machines and Compound Machines Mechanical Advantage, Ideal Mechanical Advantage, and Efficiency of machines 6. Momentum & Collisions Impulse & Momentum Conservation of momentum Elastic and Inelastic collisions Energy Conservation in Collisions 7. Circular Motion and Gravitation Centripetal force and acceleration Banking curves Orbits Newton’s Law of Gravitation Artificial gravity Center of Gravity Torque 8. Fluid Mechanics Density & Buoyant Forces Hydrostatic Pressure Fluid Flow Continuity Bernoulli’s Principle 9. Gravitation & Oscillation Newton’s Law of Gravitation Orbits Kepler’s Laws 10. Vibrations & Waves The Simple Pendumlum Simple Harmonic Motion Properties of Traveling Waves Properties of Standing Waves Wave Interactions Superposition AP Physics Syllabus 3 11. Sound Sound Waves Doppler Effect Sound Intensity and Resonance Harmonics 12. Light Characteristics of Light Interference & Diffraction Dispersion of light and the electromagnetic spectrum Reflection & Refraction Mirrors Lenses 13. Electrostatics: Charge, field, and potential Coulomb’s law and point charges Fields and potentials of charges in the same plane 14. Conductors, capacitors, dielectrics: Electrostatics with conductors Parallel plate capacitors Dielectrics 15. Electric circuits: Current, resistance, power Ohm’s Law direct current parallel and series circuits with batteries and resistors only Parallel plate capacitors 16. Magnetostatics: Forces on moving charges in magnetic fields Forces on current-carrying wires in magnetic fields Forces on long current-carrying wires 17. Electromagnetism: Electromagnetic induction Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws 18. Temperature and Heat energy: Mechanical equivalent of heat Heat transfer and thermal expansion 19. Kinetic theory and thermodynamics: Ideal gases Laws of Thermodynamics AP Physics Syllabus 4 20. Atomic Physics and Quantum effects: Photons and the photoelectric effect Atomic energy levels Wave-particle duality 21. Nuclear Physics: Radiation and sheilding Nuclear reactors Mass-energy equivalence Nuclear reactions in stars Laboratories: The students will perform approximately one lab or “hands-on” activity per week. A formal lab write-up will be required for many of these labs. Students will complete the labs in groups, but each student will write their own lab reports and keep these reports in a laboratory notebook. Each lab will have the following components: Title of Lab Purpose or Objective of Lab Background Information Equipment and Set-up Procedural Summary Data Calculations Error Analysis Questions and Conclusions Laboratories are started by giving students a question or problem. With teacher support during whole group or small group guided discussion, students are then asked to create a hypothesis and determine what must be tested. In addition to what measurements will be taken, some labs are open-ended and require the students to develop their own procedure and determine what equipment they will use to prove their hypothesis. After the collection and manipulation of the data, students are asked to form conclusions and give reasons for error that might have occurred. If the lab is open-ended, they are also asked to analyze their procedure and determine what would make it more efficient. Students are supplied with an assortment of equipment and supplies for each lab. Among these are some of the latest technologies available including Vernier Lab-Pros, logger-pro software, and various laboratory sensors. The sensors used for the labs include: Motion Sensors Accelerometers Force Sensors Photogates Temperature Probes Voltage Sensors Rotary Motion Sensor Nuclear Radiation Monitors Some labs utilize the TI-89 calculators and the CBL system and Video Point Software. AP Physics Syllabus 5 Below is a list of the hands-on activities and laboratories students will experience in the AP course: **These laboratories are designed by the students and require a formal lab write-up in the lab notebook. Students are required to keep a binder of the other laboratory experiments with all handouts given during the activities. Graphing Motion** Acceleration of Gravity Terminal Velocity** Projectile Motion Inertial Balance Friction & Inclined Planes** Pulley Lab Hooke’s Law** Impulse & Momentum** Conservation of Momentum (Elastic & Inelastic Collisions)** Circular Motion** Torque Rotational inertia The Simple Pendulum** Waves in a Slinky Lab Ripple Tank waves Speed of Sound (Resonance)** Refraction Lens Lab** Plane Mirrors Mirrors Lab Light intensity and inverse square law Calorimetry Lab Electrostatics Lab Series & Parallel Circuits** Capacitors Wheatstone bridge lab Magnetic Field Explorations Magnetic field in a Slinky** Transformers Spectroscopes and energy of photons Nuclear radiation and shielding** Half-life AP Physics Syllabus 6