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Study Guide:
1.) List 4-5 components of a good experiment?
 Question/ or problem
 Hypothesis (if, then because)
 One Independent and dependent variables
 Constants (things that stay the same through whole experiment)
 Large sample size
 Control
2.) Difference between Qualitative (quality) and Quantitative (quantity) data?
Qualitative data – description or can be observed (red flower, blue sky)
QuaNtitative – N= number (the flower is 5 inches tall, we did 3mins of exercise in feel
the beat)
3.) Using Feel the beat identify the IV, DV and Constants
In the feel beat exp.
independent variable- was the exercise
dependent variable- was pulse rate
constant – amount time you did the exercise for
the exercise
sample size/number of trials
location of pulse
fingers used to check pulse
4.) Main ideas/results from Dr. Goldbergers exp on pellagra
Nutritional Deficiency. Their diet was lacking in vitamins which lead them to become
sick with pellagra. (poor diet)
** developed a good experimental method to test his ideas
5.) Function of sensory neurons
Neurons that gather (sense) information from the environment around you
 You touch a hot stove, sensory neurons send the signal of “hot” to your
brain(interneurons) and then motor neurons move your hand away from the
stove
6.) Four main functions of skeletal system
 Bone marrow produces red/white blood cells, stores minerals
 Protection (protects your soft and squishy organs)
 Support (gives you shape- no skeleton = blob)
 Movement- allows you to walk etc…
7.) Compare/contrast ligaments and tendons
Tendon- muscle to bone
Ligament –bone to bone
8.) 3 types of muscles
Smooth- found in organs (involuntary)
Cardiac-found only in heart (involuntary)
Skeletal – moves us (arms, legs) biceps/triceps
9.) Main function of circulatory system
To transport oxygen (nutrients) around body and pick up carbon dioxide (waste) to be
exhaled. Heart pumps blood around body. An important FUNCTION IS TO TRANSPORT
NUTRIENTS TO OTHER PARTS OF YOUR BODY. The heart is like two separate pumps bc
the right side pumps deoxygenated blood out to the lungs and the left side pumps
oxygen rich blood through body…..
Right side
to lungs (co2
Left side
To body (O2)
10.)
3 types of blood vessels
Arteries carry blood Away from heart
Veins – blood back IN to heart
Capillaries- smallest blood vessels, where gas exchange takes place.
11.)
List the Organs in respiratory system
Nose/ mouth
Trachea (wind pipe)
lungs
Bronchi tubes
Bronchioles
Alveoli (capillaries wrapped around)
12.)
Gas exchange in respiratory system…
Breathe in air (oxygen) goes down trachea to lungs into alveoli where it diffuses into the
capillaries so oxygen can get into the blood then the heart pumps the oxygen rich blood
around the body. Blood picks up co2 (waste) and it diffuses back across capillaries and
you breathe it out.
13 & 14.) What is the order of organs in digestive system and chemical/ mechanical
breakdown
Mouth (chemical: saliva and mechanical -teeth breakdown), down esophagus (muscles=
mechanical), Stomach (chemical –acid, mechanical-muscles squeeze), small intestine
(absorbs nutrients-chemical), large intestine (remove water to produce solid wastemechanical), rectum, anus
extra (liver- chemical, pancreas- chemical)
15.) Order of organization in human body
Organelle---cell--- tissue---organ--- organ system--- organism
16.) what is pulse? How does it change during exercise?
Pulse is the number of times your heart beats in a period of time (BPM’s). When you
exercise your muscles need/use more oxygen (and to remove more co2) so your heart
beats faster and you breath increases to help send oxygen around your body.
17.) trade off with microscopes
As you increase magnification you have more detail BUT you can only see a smaller area
of the object and it may be harder to find microbes
18.) Four common organelles
Nucleus: Control center of cell, contains DNA or genetic information
Mitochondria: power house of cell, makes energy using cellular respiration
Cell wall: found only in plant cells, provides support for cell (square shape)
Cell membrane: selectively permeable, controls what goes in and out of cell
Cytoplasm; holds organelles in place –jelly like
19.) compare and contrast animals vs bacteria
Animal: Eukaryotes (have a nucleus and organelles)
Round/ irregular shape, more complex , specialized cells, unicellular or multicellular
bacteria : prokaryotes, no nucleus, free floating dna
simple, small, individualized cells * unicellular only
asexually reproduce
both: have cell membranes and cytoplasm
20.) single cell vs multi cell
Single : bacteria, amoeba, yeast- shorter life, independent (don’t need any other cells to
do their job), simpler, small
Multi cell: human, plant, animals- larger, more complex, live longer, dependent on
other cells to complete function,
** review old study guides!!