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7th Grade Study Guide Unit 3/pages 164-242
Common Core
D1.DQ3.14: Focus on General academic words that appear
across multiple contexts of informational, technical, &
literary texts.
D1DQ5.32: Engage students in rich & rigorous conversations
dependent on common text.
Benchmark SC.6.L.14.5 Identify & investigate the general
functions of the 12 major systems of the human body, &
describe the way these systems interact to maintain
homeostasis.
LACC.68.WHST.1.3: Write precise descriptions of the step
bys tep procedures and be able to replicate them.
LACC.68.RST.2.4: Determine meaning of symbols, key terms
and phrases as used in context.
LACC.68.RST.3.7: Convert information expressed in words to
a visual format (flowchart, diagram, model, graph, or
table.)
LACC.68.WHST.3.8: Gather, assess and integrate relevant
information from reliable print and/or media sources
1. Digestive system provides nutrients to the body.
2. White blood cells are part of the immune system. WBCs
are transported throughout the body by the circulatory
system.
3. Nervous system maintains homeostasis by coordinating the
actions of other systems.
4. The skeletal system provides structure, support, &
movement.
5. The circulatory system transports O2 to the cells in the
body.
6. Small intestine is where the absorption of food takes
place.
7. Organs that eliminate waste products are: bladder,
kidneys, lungs, & skin.
All Systems Homeostasis
 Skeletal System Bones are alive- compact bone is dense
& porous. Bone found in ends of long bones is called
spongy bone, This system supports & protects, also
includes cartilage, ligaments, joints.

Muscular System – muscles work in pairs – one
contracts (shortens) to pull, other relaxes. 3 types:
cardiac, smooth, skeletal. May be voluntary or
involuntary.

Lymphatic System returns fluid to blood & helps fight
disease, includes lymph nodes, vessels, lymph. WBC
made in bone marrow -> thymus to mature, some WBC
mature in spleen. Bubonic Plague infection caused by a
bacterium.

Cardiovascular System transports nutrients, gases,
hormones, & waste products to & from cells. HEART is a
4 chamber pump. Left side pumps O2 rich blood to body.
Right side O2 poor blood to lungs. Upper chambers =
atria, lower chambers = ventricles, with flaplike
structures called valves between atria & ventricles.
Pulmonary circulation = blood flow from heart-> lungs.
Systemic Circulation = blood from heart -> body.
Arteries = blood away from heart, veins, capillariesconnect blood & tissues.

Respiratory System transport O2 & CO2, nose, pharynx,
larynx,
trachea, bronchioles, alveoli. Respiration or
breathing=mechanical process/cellular respiration =
chemical process.

Digestive System->mouth, esophagus, stomach, small &
large intestine, pancreas, liver/mechanical & chemical
digestion.

Excretory System-> Urinary=kidneys with nephrons,
ureters, bladder, urethra. Skin & Lungs also excrete.

Nervous System -> Brain- cerebrum, cerebellum, brain
stem, spinal cord. CNS=brain & spinal cord.
PNS= sensory neurons (receive information from
environment), motor neurons (impulses to move).
Neurons are nerve cells with central nerve body,
dendrite, axon.
Endocrine System->maintains homeostasis using chemical
messengers called hormones. All the organs are glands,
and cells acted on by hormones are called target organ
cells. Some glands are:

pituitary= control center, pancreas=blood sugar,
adrenal=fight or flight, thyroid=metabolism,
parathyroid = Ca levels.

Immune System. Pathogen is an organism, virus, or
protein that causes disease. Macrophage is a WBC that
destroys pathogens by engulfing & digesting them, T
cells coordinate attack, B cells make antiBodies.
Vaccines introduced into body to produce immunity.

DNA -> Located in nucleus, twisted ladder shape,
called a double helix. Sides of ladder are made of
alternating sugars & phosphate groups. The rungs are 4
different nucleotides, A(adenine), T (thymine)/ C
(cytosine), G (guanine). A-T, C-G. MUTATIONS occur
when there are changes in the number, type, or order
of bases on a piece of DNA. Insertion is adding an
extra base, deletion is when a base is left out. Most
common mutation is substitution – one base replaces
another.
MiTosis -> asexual reproduction; produces 2 diploid
cells that are identical to the parent cell.
Meiosis-> occurs in sex cells; the number of
chromosomes is reduced by half; produces 4 haploid
daughter cells.