Download Unit 3 Study Guide

Unit 3 Study Guide
Direct democracy – a system of government in which the citizens themselves, not their
representatives, participate in making major decisions.
Republic – a government in which supreme governing power is held by the citizens and is
exercised by representatives elected by and responsible to the voters
How did a location on the Mediterranean impact the civilizations that developed around it?
Minoans and Mycenaeans
Wealthy from trade or piracy
Cultural diffusion
Natural disasters
Attacks by the Sea People
Athens
Wealthy from trade
Cultural diffusion
Became a sea power
Developed colonies
Rome
Wealthy from trade and conquest
Cultural diffusion
Avenue of conquest
Ability to feed large empire
Democracy in Athens – minority rule not majority rule
Not included in Athenian democracy
- women, slaves, non-citizens
Government in Ancient Greece – city-states, many were democracies while some were
monarchies and one Oligarchy
Athens – Direct Democracy
Sparta – Oligarchy
In a democracy – people choose their leaders by voting and vote on all issues
In a republic – people choose their leaders by voting and elect representative who vote on issues
for them
Ancient Greece created
- theatre, Olympics, direct democracy and philosophy
Home of the Greek gods – Mount Olympus
Persian War – Athens and Sparta fought together against the Persians
Peloponnesian War – Athens and the Dalian league against Sparta and the Peloponnesian
League, weakened each other and made them easy to conquer.
How did conflict both strengthen and weaken Greece and Rome
Greece
strengthen
-Greek city-states united
against the Persians
-Made Greece a Superpower
weaken
-Fighting between Athens and
Sparta along with their allies
made it easy for the Macedonians
to take over
- helped spread disease
- strengthened navy
- added land and wealth
- improved military until
they were the best of their time
- Pax Romana
- dictatorship developed
- Plebeians lost land and
became the unemployed mob
- farmland in ruins
- increased conflict between
Patricians and Plebeians
- End of the Republic
Rome
Hellenistic – Greek Like
How did Alexander and the Hellenistic Age impact the Ancient World?
Spread Greek culture and ideas
Greek became the language of the ancient world
Science and art became highly developed and spread
Military style spread – especially the phalanx
New empires developed
Increased trade
Cultural diffusion
How are the democracy of Ancient Athens and the Republic of Ancient Rome similar and
different from the government of the United States?
Athens
same
-Citizens had right to vote
-Citizen could serve in govt.
-Citizen at the age of 18
different
-Citizens voted on every issue
-Did not include women or
anyone born outside of the city
-Had to serve in the army
Roman Republic
-Represent ivies in the
Senate voted instead of the
people themselves
-Representatives in the Senate not
elected by the people
-Only men could participate
-No executive leaders (president)
-No separation of powers
-Most people (plebeians) could not
really participate in govt.
The original name of the Romans was the Latins
3 types of Roman Government
Monarchy to a republic then to an empire
2 classes of Roman citizens
Patricians – rich
Plebeians – everybody else
Twelve Tables – Roman Law posted on stone tables
Punic Wars – between Rome and Carthage – greatly expanded Rome
Roman Road System – one of their greatest accomplishments
- built to move armies quickly and protect boarders
Pax Romana – 200 years of peace – began under Octavian/Augustus
Under Octavian/Augustus – Rome became an Empire
- Octavian became the 1st emperor and took the name Augustus
Why was Rome threatened by Christianity?
Did not worship Roman gods
Religion of equality
Started as a slave religion
Fall of Rome
Weakened army
Breakdown of law and order
Economic breakdown
Outside pressure – Germanic Tribes