Download II. Hebrews (1900 BC – 539 BC)

The Hebrews
II. Hebrews (1900 BC – 539 BC)
A. Abraham – Father of Judaism (1900 BC)
1. Abraham was a herder and trader in Sumer and
worshiped many gods
2. God (Yahweh) appeared before Abraham one day
and told Abraham “to go and raise a great nation” to
the East.
II. Hebrews (1900 BC – 539 BC)
A. Abraham – Father of Judaism (1900 BC)
3. Abraham rejected polytheism and led his followers
east.
a. Settled in Canaan (Just South of Phoenicia)
4. The Hebrew’s were the first people to practice
monotheism.
5. The Monotheism of Abraham became the
foundation of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
II. Hebrews (1900 BC – 539 BC)
II. Hebrews (1900 BC – 539 BC)
B. The Exodus (1200 BC)
1. Descendants of Abraham left Canaan because
of a drought and traveled west into Egypt.
2. Eventually the Hebrew’s were enslaved by the
Egyptians.
II. Hebrews (1900 BC – 539 BC)
B. The Exodus (1200 BC)
3. The Departure from Egypt (The Exodus)
a. Moses(Jewish Prophet)
1. Led the Hebrews out of Egypt and slavery
2. Wandered the desserts of the Sinai Peninsula
for 40 years.
II. Hebrews (1900 BC – 539 BC)
B. The Exodus (1200 BC)
b. Ten Commandments
1. Moses climbed to the top of Mount Sinai
2. Moses returned to his people with two tablets
with commandments
3. These commandments were the moral laws
that Yahweh revealed
to Moses.
II. Hebrews (1900 BC – 539 BC)
The Ten Commandments
The Ark of the Covenant
• This was the carrying case of the 10
commandments & was said to contain magical
powers: whatever nation carried this at the head of
their army was invincible.
II. Hebrews (1900 BC – 539 BC)
B. The Exodus (1200 BC)
c. The Torah – Jewish sacred text
1. Moses renews covenant with Yahweh while on
Mount Sinai
2. First five books of the Old Testament of the
Bible
III. Hebrew Kingdom of Canaan
A. Around 1020 BC the Hebrew’s return to Canaan
and set up their capital in the city of Jerusalem
King David
• David was a shepherd
boy.
• Defeated the Giant
Philistine Goliath
• Became King of the Jews
• Established the city of
Jerusalem as the capital
King Solomon
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•
Super wise king; See the picture above about the judgment over a baby
Son of King David
Made the Temple Mount in Jerusalem
Wrote the books “Psalms” & “Proverbs” in the Bible
The Temple
The Temple
Holy of Holies
• The inner most sanctum of the Temple
• Contained the Ark of the Covenant & 10 Cmmdts
Temple Today: Dome of the Rock
The Rock Altar where Abraham mad
his sacrifice….
Western Wall: Whaling Wall
The Kingdom of Israel Fractured
• Peak of civilization
1000-900 BC
under David and
Solomon
• 900 BC, split into
Israel (North) and
Judah (South)
The 12 Tribes of Israel
• Israel falls to
Assyrians- “10 lost
tribes”, Judah
remains, “Israelites”
become “Jews”
III. Hebrew Kingdom of Canaan
B. The Exile – expulsion from their native land of Canaan
1. In 597 BC, The Babylonians (Nebuchadnezzar)
conquered Jerusalem
2. Most of the Hebrews are taken back to
Babylon to be slaves
3. The removal of Hebrews from Canaan is called
The Exile.
III. Hebrew Kingdom of Canaan
C. Diaspora – dispersion or scattering
1. In 539 BC, the Persians conquered the
Babylonians
2. Some Jews stay in Babylon
3. Some Jews return to Jerusalem to start a new
Jewish Community
4. Other Jews migrated to other areas in the
Middle East
III. Hebrew Kingdom of Canaan
Where did the Jews go?
• Middle Ages- Jews in Europe divided into
Ashkenazim (in Christian Europe- developed
Yiddish w/ Hebrew and German)
• Sephardim (in Muslim areas- more freedom,
secular)
Where did the Jews Go? (Part 2)
• The Golden Age — The Jews in Spain
The years either side of 1000 CE were the
golden age of the Jews in Spain. Coexisting
happily with the country’s Islamic rulers the
Jews developed a flourishing study of Science,
Hebrew literature and the Talmud. Despite an
attempt to forcibly convert all Jews to Islam in
1086, this golden age continued. At around
this time the first Jews are recorded in Britain.
1492 AD Jews Expelled from Spain
• Columbus Sailed the Ocean Blue
• Reconquista: Took Spain back from Jews
• Spanish Inquisition: got rid of non-christians
• Jews fled to Morocco and other parts of
Europe
Persecution!!!
• The Jews became persecuted
• They became scapegoats for many problems
• They were very successful at time when
others were not so leaders blamed them in
order to unify their people.
The Holocaust
• The Nazi Party and Adolf Hitler rounded up all of the
Jews (& others) into concentration camps and
executed them on a mass scale.
• 6 million Jews were killed in the holocaust!
The State of Israel
• Borders created by
United Nations Mandate
• 1945 after WW2 created
a home for Jews after
Holocaust
• Used Historical lands