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(Add this onto the other notes on Energy) Everything has heat, even cold stuff Molecules in cold things move slower than molecules in warm things More molecules = more heat energy Convection Current Less dense on top, more dense on bottom Cycle Matter- the stuff that makes up everything To change matter it needs energy Atoms- tiny units bond together to make molecules (the building blocks of matter) Kinetic energy- energy of movement The faster the atoms go the more heat, farther they get apart- expand Temperature is not the same as heat Temperature is a measurement- measures how fast the molecules move Heat is a form of energy If molecules stop moving then there is no temperature- never happened When it feels cooler, heat is being drained from you Shivering helps you warm up Heat transfer: hot always goes to cold 3 types of heat transfer: convection, conduction, radiation Molecules don’t want to be different, so they transfer heat to each other to be the same temperature Radiation- is how heat energy moves in waves through space from the sun to the Earth Sun is the ultimate energy source Photosynthesis- plants store energy from the sun- called chemical energy Methods of Heat Transfer Two types of energy- Kinetic and Potential Potential energy- stored energy Chemical energy- energy stored in food, batteries, and fuels Kinetic energy- energy an object has due to its motion The movement of particles is a form of kinetic energy Heat is internal energy that is transferred from one object to another as a result of a difference in temperature between the two Internal energy = potential + kinetic energy Energy is measured in Joules (J) All things will return to room temperature by either getting heat or giving heat Heat, energy, and temperature Heat is energy transfer Temperature measures kinetic energy Object not hot or cold depending on particles vibrating Internal energy = potential energy + kinetic energy Energy is measured in Joules Celsius or Kelvin scales Heat flows from hot to cold Conduction Movement of heat through solids Particles vibrating = kinetic energy Particles pass on kinetic energy Metals are good conductors Poor conductors used as insulators Convection Convection occurs in fluids (liquids and gases) Particles move faster and further apart Hot air rises Cool air replace hot Convection currents occur when heated fluid rises Cooler fluid moves into replace it Radiation Radiation occurs in a vacuum The sun source of radiated heat Heat radiation- electromagnetic waves infrared All objects absorb and emit radiation Black radiates better than white