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Title: Organic Chemistry Grade Level(s): 11th & 12th Materials: Prentice-Hall textbook: Chemistry by Wilbraham, Staley, Marta, and Waterman Prentice-Hall textbook: Introductory Chemistry by Nivaldo Tro Objectives: All students will: Be proficient in the fundamentals of organic chemistry. Be able to relate advanced chemistry topics, such as acid-base chemistry, thermochemistry, nuclear chemistry, and biochemistry, to organic substances. NOTE: A short review unit is recommended before the introduction of organic compounds. A summer reading assignment may be utilized. Suggested topics include; basic atomic structure and nomenclature, chemical formulas, chemical bonding and intermolecular bonding, chemical reactions, and molar conversions. Core Concepts: Nomenclature of Organic Compounds Properties of Organic Compounds Reactions of Organic Compounds The Chemistry of Life Organic Acids and Basic Environments for Electrochemistry Thermochemistry and Organic Reactions Organometallic Catalysts and Reaction Rates Nuclear Chemistry in Medicine Title: Organic Chemistry: Nomenclature Standards 3.2.C.A2 Content (What the Student Will Know) There is a systematic approach to naming and writing formulas for basic organic substances. Performance (What the Student will Do) Determine the names and formulas for alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Determine isomeric structures for various organic formulas 3.2.C.A2 3.2.C.A2 3.2.C.A2 Compare the properties and uses of a variety of functional groups. Determine the names and formulas for cyclic and phenol based compounds. Determine the names and formulas for alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, ethers, and carboxylic acids. Activities/ Assessments Inquiry – what dissolves what? Activity (Vaseline, vegetable oil, mineral oil, water, ethanol, wax) Modeling various hydrocarbons. Modeling the rigidity of double bond structures. Structural isomers of heptane. Test for halocarbons (PH728) Days 4 3 2 3 Breathalyzer lab activity w/ potassium dichromate. 5 Title: Chemistry: Physical and Chemical Properties of Various Organic Compounds Standards 3.2.C.A1 3.2.C.A1 3.2.C.A1 3.2.C.A1 Content (What the Student Will Know) Properties of matter are observable and predictable. Performance (What the Student will Do) Distinguish between physical and chemical properties. Compare the physical and chemical properties of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes Compare the physical and chemical properties of different isomers with the same chemical formula Compare the physical and chemical properties of aldehydes and ketones 3.2.C.A3 Compare the physical and chemical properties of esters and carboxylic acids 3.2.C.A3 Compare the structures and properties of amines and ethers Determine the physical and chemical properties of various aromatic hydrocarbons based on their functional groups 3.2.C.A3 Activities/ Assessments Days Large test tube with water, food coloring, mineral oil. Comparison of methane, hexane, and paraffin C25H52 1 Test properties of t-butyl alcohol and isopropyl alcohol. Lucas test Distinguishing between aldehydes and ketones using oxidising agents such as acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution, Tollens' reagent, Fehling's solution and Benedict's solution. Esterification of carboxylic acid to produce esters. (PH742) Odors lab such as butyl amine (PH726) Use Khan Academy presentation as segue to reactions 2 2 2 2 2 3 Title: Organic Chemistry – Organic Reactions Standards 3.2.C.A4 3.2.C.A4 3.2.C.A4 3.2.C.A4 Content (What the Student Will Know) The process of reactions used to produce particular organic compounds. Performance (What the Student will Do) Distinguish between addition reactions and elimination reactions Distinguish between electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution reactions Diagram photochemical reactions. Diagram polymerization reactions Determine a multi-step path for the synthesis of an organic compound when given a starting compound. Activities/ Assessments Days Synthesis of wintergreen Solubility of alcohols (PH733) Soap making. (Merril) 2 Test for unsaturation (PH734) Preparation of nylon (Merril) Synthetic rubber production (Merril) 2 2 3 2 Title: Organic Chemistry – The Chemistry of Life Standards 3.2.C.A2 3.2.C.A2 3.2.C.A2 3.2.C.A2 3.2.C.A2 Content (What the Student Will Know) How various compounds essential for life work together to produce structure and energy. Performance (What the Student will Do) Distinguish between the compounds needed for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Distinguish between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Distinguish between the various amino acid and peptide structures and functions. Distinguish between various lipids, such as phospholipids, fatty acids, and waxes Distinguish between the five nucleic acids in terms of structure, bonding, and function. Activities/ Assessments Days 1 3 3 2 2 Title: Chemistry – Acids, Bases, and Salts Standards 3.2.C.A2 3.2.C.A2 3.2.C.A2 3.2.C.A2 3.2.C.A4 Content (What the Student Will Know) How pH affects the properties of a solution. Performance (What the Student will Do) Determine the properties of aqueous systems based on substances used and concentrations Distinguish between the parts of solutions and their concentrations. Distinguish between Bronsted Lowry acids and bases and Lewis acids and bases. Distinguish between salts, acidic anhydrides, and basic anhydrides. Differentiate between strong/strong acidbase reactions, weak acid-strong base reactions, and strong acid-weak base reactions Activities/ Assessments Days 2 1 1 1 3 Title: Organic Chemistry - Thermochemistry and Organic Reactions Standards 3.2.C.A4 3.2.C.A6 3.2.C.A4 3.2.C.A6 3.2.C.A4 3.2.C.A6 3.2.C.A4 3.2.C.A6 3.2.C.A4 3.2.C.A6 Content (What the Student Will Know) The relationship between enthalpy, entropy, free energy and chemical reactions Performance (What the Student will Do) Calculate energy, mass, change in temperature, and equilibrium temperatures, using specific heat capacities. Solve for enthalpy changes in chemical reactions by using heats of reaction and calorimeter data Solve for enthalpy changes when a substance melts, freezes, boils, condenses, or dissolves, using heats of fusion, solidification, vaporization, condensation, and solvation. Calculate enthalpy changes for chemical processes using Hess’ Law and heats of formation. Calculate Gibbs free energy (chemical potential energy) by relating enthalpy, entropy, and absolute temperature. Activities/ Assessments Days 1 1 1 1 1 Title: Organic Chemistry – Organometallic Catalysts and Reaction Rates Standards 3.2.C.A4 3.2.C.A6 3.2.C.A4 3.2.C.A6 3.2.C.A4 3.2.C.A6 CC.3.5.11-12. CC.3.6.11-12. 3.2.C.A4 3.2.C.A6 Content (What the Student Will Know) The factors which affect reaction rate and their relationship to quantitative chemical equilibrium Performance (What the Student will Do) Express the rate of a chemical reaction, accounting for the four factors that influence rate. Diagram and create models of organometallic compounds that are used as catalysts. Evaluate the unique role of organometallic catalysts in determining reaction rates and free energy. Explain the relationship between reversible reactions, equilibrium, and Le Chatelier’s Principle Activities/ Assessments Days 2 2 2 3 Title: Organic Chemistry – Nuclear Chemistry in Medicine Standards 3.2.C.A3 3.2.C.A5 3.2.C.A6 3.2.C.A3 3.2.C.A5 3.2.C.A6 3.2.C.A3 3.2.C.A5 3.2.C.A6 3.2.C.A3 3.2.C.A5 3.2.C.A6 3.2.C.A3 3.2.C.A5 3.2.C.A6 3.2.C.A3 3.2.C.A5 3.2.C.A6 Content (What the Student Will Know) The process of natural and artificial nuclear reactions and the instruments used by chemists to study, control, and utilize radioactive materials and nuclear processes. Performance (What the Student will Do) Activities/ Assessments Determine the reasons for nuclear instability based on quantitative data of stable isotopes and radioisotopes. 2 Model the decay of nuclei in radioisotopes. 1 Calculate half-life, time of decay, decay constants, initial and final amounts of radioisotopes. Describe the role of radioisotopes in diagnostic nuclear medicine 2 1 Describe the various therapeutic techniques that utilize radioisotopes. Diagnose and determine treatment for case studies of patients in need of nuclear medicine Days 1 Nuclear Medicine Project 2