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Transcript
Heart, Blood, Blood vessels Characteristics of Blood Blood Facts: • • • • Connective tissue Only fluid tissue pH= 7.35-8.45 Temp.= 100.4 °F (37°C) • 8% of body weight • 5-6 L of blood If you don’t fast before giving blood Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) Hemoglobin Molecule (Hb) • 25 trillion RBC’s in blood • 2.5 million made and destroyed every second 250 million molecules of Hb/ cell Hb makes the blood red Each Hb molecule binds four oxygen molecules so that each red blood cell carries one billion molecules of oxygen. • Anucleate • Biconcave discs Blue People of Troublesome Creek (Kentucky) Caused by a mutation in Hb Fugate family “Papa Smurf” Paul Karason died in 2013. Ingested colloidal silver solution to treat a skin condition and turned blue Leukocytes (White Blood Cells) • • • • • • • • 5 types Agranulocytes= no granules Granulocytes= contain granules Large, lobed nuclei Clear, colorless (have to be stained to see them) Can enter and leave the bloodstream and enter other tissues Pus= millions of living and dead WBC’s, dead body cells, dead bacteria Leukemia= blood cancer; 30,000-50,000/drop (normal= 4,000-11,000) Thrombocytes (Platelets) • • • • • • Start the clotting process Actually cell fragments (original cell Megakaryocyte) Form platelet plugs at the site of a cut No nuclei Smaller than RBC’s Hemophilia= lack of clotting proteins in plasma, so the clotting cascade cannot progress Cell Lifespan Erythrocyte 20-120 days Leukocyte Few hoursyears Thrombocytes 5-10 days ABO Blood Groups Blood Types AGGLUTINATION Why do blood types matter? Rh (Rhesus) Factor Blood Vessels There are between 60,000 and 100,000 miles of blood vessels in a human body If you could lay them end to end the blood vessels would circle the earth 4 X’s !! Arteries---- arterioles-----capillaries----venules-----veins Arteries • carry blood away from heart • where you feel your pulse • Thicker middle wall of smooth muscle • high pressure Veins • carry blood back to heart from the body • Some have one way valves to prevent blood from backing up • thinner walls, less smooth muscle, less connective tissue • contains 64% of total blood volume • skeletal muscle helps pump blood back to heart • lower pressure Capillaries • one cell thick- simple squamous epithelium • allows nutrients , gases, wastes to be exchanged between the blood and the tissue • connects the arterioles to the venules • pressure greater than venules, veins but less than arterioles Blood Clotting Blood Clotting 1. Cells are damaged- collagen fibers within are exposed. Platelets “stick” to the damaged site. 2. Platelets release chemicals to attract more platelets to the site= platelet plug forms 3. Platelets release serotonin= blood vessels spasm and constrict to minimize blood loss 4. Damaged tissues release a chemical called thromboplastin 5. PF3 on surface of platelets + thromboplastin + clotting activators (in the plasma) + Ca2+ combine to produce a prothrombin activator 6. Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin (already in the plasma) to thrombin (an enzyme) 7. Thrombin combines with fibrinogen (plasma protein) = fibrin (mesh that traps the RBC’s) 8. Fibrin dries pulling the two ends of the wound closer