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Demonstration: Demonstrating Diabetes Overview In this demonstration, participants will see the effects obesity can have on the body, inducing the cause of diseases like diabetes. Learning Objectives By the end of the demonstration, participants will be able to: • Understand the difference in the body’s response to sugar in a person with diabetes and a person without. Audience 6th grade to adult Materials • Two clear cups/containers • Water • Sugar packets • Plastic spoons Duration 10 minutes Activity Preparation Background Information: When food is consumed, the body uses a hormone called insulin to break it down into glucose to be used for energy. If a person has diabetes, his/her pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin or can’t use the insulin produced to move the glucose into fat and muscle cells for energy or storage and causes a build-up of sugar in the blood that can cause damage to the body over time. There are two types of diabetes-type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes results when the body’s immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that make insulin. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the body makes insulin but just can’t make enough or is unable to use it properly and is associated with lifestyle habits like poor exercise and diet. Type 2 diabetes (formerly known as adult-onset diabetes) used to almost always be seen in adults, but is being diagnosed in children and adolescents with increasing frequency as rates of obesity continue to grow. Demonstration: Demonstrating Diabetes Instructions 1. Begin this activity with a discussion about the effects of obesity, asking participants to name some illnesses for which obesity is a risk factor. [Create a list of answers on the board or on a piece of flipchart paper. Examples include: diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, certain cancers, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, asthma, and gallbladder disease.] 2. Fill each container ¾ full with water and place in clear view of all participants. 3. Instruct the participants to imagine that the containers represent a person with diabetes and another person without. Place 5 sugar packets in one of the beakers and use a clean, plastic spoon to stir the solution until the sugar dissolves. Continue to add one sugar packet at a time to the beaker and stirring until the sugar no longer dissolves in the water and sinks to the bottom of the beaker. Explain that the beaker of water that is now saturated with sugar will represent the person with diabetes that has high sugar (or glucose) levels in the blood. 4. Next place one sugar packet in each beaker and stir with two separate spoons at the same time so participants can see the difference in the rate of dissolution of the added sugar between the beaker of water saturated with sugar (person with diabetes) and the beaker of plain water (person without diabetes). Note that the beaker that is saturated with sugar is less able to dissolve the solute while the beaker with just water easily dissolves the added sugar. Also note that the sugar has once again settled at the bottom of the beaker, which mimics the body’s response to sugar in someone that has diabetes, as sugar can’t be taken up fast enough to be used as energy and remains in the blood where it can cause damage. Produced with a grant from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P30ES010126). © The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. All Rights Reserved.