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San Wui Commercial Society Secondary School Form 6 Biology Teaching Schedule (2006-2007) Duration :First term : 1/9/2006 - 19/1/2007 Second term: 22/1/2007 - 11/7/2007 Total number of Weeks : 33 Date 4-8/9 Wk 1 Topic Introduction Wk = number of week SP = Scheduled number of period AP = Actual number of period Content - Subject outline; introduction to AL Biology and TAS; laboratory safety SP 1 - Modern classification based on phylogenetic relationship of organisms - Five kingdoms and the characteristics of each kingdom - Binomial system of naming organisms and the concept of taxonomic hierarchy - Use external features to construct keys and using them to identify organisms - Test (after school) 3+1 AP Learning and teaching activities Discussion on laboratory safety cases Civic Ed. Ex./Test The variety of life and relation of organisms with their environment I 11-15/9 2 1. Classification Page 1 of 16 / 81957854 - Observation of specimens to study their external features - Field trip study - Observations / drawing of microscopic slides - Construction of dichotomous Keys and use of the key to Identify plants and animals Appreciation of the wonders of living world Newspaper cutting, short Q and structured Q, data analysis, drawing diagrams, lab report Date Wk Topic The cell 1. Chemical constituents 18-22/9 3 25-29/9 4 2. Cell structure Content - The function and chemical structure of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids - Inorganic components - Cell organelles (under EM) - Structure and function of some cell types - Fluid mosaic model of membranes - Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells - Test (after school) Page 2 of 16 / 81957854 SP 2+2 1 1+2 1 AP Learning and teaching activities - Food tests - Use models or audiovisual materials to show the structure of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids - EM photos of organelles - Use of microscope and temporary slide preparations - Construction of fluid mosaic model - EM photos of Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells Civic Ed. Ex./Test Newspaper cutting, short Q and structured Q, data analysis, lab report Date 3-6/10 9-13/10 Wk Topic 3. Transport of substances in and out of the cell 5 6 Content - Selective permeability of membranes - Destruction of membranes at high T and by chemicals - Diffusion, osmosis and active transport - Pinocytosis and phagocytosis - Turgor and plasmolysis in plant cells with reference to water potential, solute potential and pressure potential SP 1+2 2+4 AP Learning and teaching activities - Beetroot experiment: destruction of membranes by T and some chemicals - Experiments to show plasmolysis or to determine solute potential or water potential of plant cells 4. Enzymes 16-20/10 23-27/10 7 8 Page 3 of 16 / 81957854 - Protein nature of enzymes - As catalysts in lowering activation energy - Concept of active site and enzyme specificity - Induced-fit model of enzyme action - Effects of T, pH, enzyme conc. And substrate conc. - Cofactors and inhibitors - End-product inhibition - Application of enzymes - Test (After school) 1+4 2 1 - The effects of temperature, pH, enzyme or substrate conc. on the rate of enzymatic reactions - Use of enzymes in daily life Civic Ed. Ex./Test Newspaper cutting, short Q and structured Q, data analysis, lab report Date 31/103/11 Wk Topic Genetics I Content SP 1 - Read articles of some biologists 1+1 - Use of models or audiovisual materials to illustrate the structure of DNA, semi-conservative mechanism of DNA replication, synthesis of protein Discussion on the construction of a large number of words by using three letters - Experiments of Mendel, Meselson and Stahl - Historical development of genetic concepts and ideas 1. Nature of action of gene - Structure and chemical nature of DNA Semi-conservative nature of DNA replication Features of genetic code Roles of DNA and RNAs in protein synthesis Turned on and off of genes 9 - 2. Structure of Chromosomes - Organization of DNA into chromosomes 3. Cell cycle - Learning and teaching activities 1 1 - 1 - Mitosis and Meiosis Outline of cytoplasmic division in animal and plant cells - Test (After school) Page 4 of 16 / 81957854 AP 1+1 Extraction of DNA and observation of squash preparation of giant chromosomes e.g. salivary glands of Chironomus larvae - Observation of squashes of root tops to study stages of mitosis. - Study of photomicrographs/slides showing mitosis or meiosis Civic Ed. Ex./Test Newspaper cutting, short Q and structured Q, data analysis, lab report Date Wk Topic Energetics 1. Photosynthesis 6-10/11 13-17/11 20-24/11 (1) Site 10 11 - Importance for converting light energy to chemical energy - Structure of a dicot leaf in relation to Photo. - Structure of chloroplasts shown in EM - Different pigments - Absorption spectra of chlorophyll pigments and action spectrum of photo (2) Photochemical reactions - Outline of photochemical reactions (3) Carbon fixation - Outline of Calvin cycle - The effects of light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on the rate of photosynthesis; the concept of limiting factors - The principle for maximizing plant growth in greenhouse by the control of light, T and carbon dioxide conc. (4) Factors affecting photosynthesis 12 Content 2. Chemosynthesis - Nature of chemosynthesis using nitrifying bacteria as an example - Test (After school) Page 5 of 16 / 81957854 SP AP Learning and teaching activities Ex./Test 2+4 1 2+2 1 1 The examination of leaf structure in relation to photosynthesis - Demonstrate the spectrum of white light passing a prism & chlorophyll extract - The extraction and separation of leaf pigment by simple chromatography - Discussion on the importance of photochemical reactions and evolution of aerobic organisms Civic Ed. - Read Calvin’s experiment - The oxygen bubbling experiment to show the effects of light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on rate of photosynthesis - Search information on the importance of other types of bacteria in maintenance of ecosystem Newspaper cutting, short Q and structured Q, data analysis, drawing diagrams, lab report Date Wk Topic 1. Respiration Content - 27/11-1/12 13 (1) Sites (2) Glycolysis 4-8/12 14 (3) Aerobic pathway Importance of respiration in converting chemical energy in food to chemical energy in ATP - SP 2 - Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA - Outline of Krebs cycle 2+4 - Observation of EM photos of mitochondrion Construct a flow chart of glycolysis - Experiment to determine the rate of aerobic (eg. germinating seeds, insects) and anaerobic (e.g. yeast) respiration (4) Anaerobic pathway - Fate of pyruvate Formation of lactic acid in muscle, ethanol and carbon dioxide in yeasts (5) Energy yield - Comparison of energy yield of aerobic and anaerobic respiration 1 (6) Role of ATP - Role of ATP in energy transfer 1 Page 6 of 16 / 81957854 Learning and teaching activities Civic Ed. Ex./Test 1 Sites of various biochemical pathways of respiration - Structure of mitochondrion shown in EM - Outline of glycolysis - Test (After school) AP Newspaper cutting, short Q and structured Q, data analysis, drawing diagrams, lab report Date 11-15/12 Wk 15 Topic Nutrition Content 1. Modes of nutrition - Autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition 2.Nutrients required by photosynthetic plants - 1. Heterotrophic nutrition - The general plan of mammalian alimentary canal; functions in digestion and absorption; histology of ileum; 16 Supple. Lessons in Christmas holiday 8-19/1/07 17-19 Page 7 of 16 / 81957854 Learning and teaching activities - - - Dentition and dental formulae of a carnivore, herbivore and omnivore - Digestion process, function of carbohydrase, amylase, protease and (iii) Absorption and lipase assimilation - The absorption in ileum, - The routes by which absorbed food substances are transported to tissues - Fates of absorbed food substances - Structure of ileum wall - Roles of liver (2) Saprophytic nutrition (3) Parasitic nutrition 1 AP Functions of macro-nutrients - Hydroponics (1) Holozoic nutrition (i) Ingestion (ii) Digestion 18-21/12 SP - The characteristic features of saprophytic nutrition, roles of saprophytes in ecosystem - The characteristic features of parasitic nutrition - Test (After school) Mid-term Examination and Evaluation 2+1 1 - 1 - 1+2 - 1+1 Construction of a table to compare carbon and energy Sources of different modes of nutrition Compare the chemical ingredients of different fertilizers available in supermarket The dissection of rat to show digestive system A simple histology of the ileum Examination of the skulls of a carnivore, herbivore and omnivore Demonstration of protease / amylase activity using different regions of the gut of a small animal A simple histology of a mammalian liver - A study of the structure of bread mould - Demonstration of starch digestion by bread mould - Examination of structure of tapeworm Civic Ed. Ex./Test Newspaper cutting, short Q and structured Q, data analysis, drawing diagrams, lab report Date Wk Topic Gas Exchange and Transport I 1. Gas exchange 22-26/1 29/1-2/2 20 21 (i)Gas exchange in mammals Content - (ii) Gas exchange in flowering plants Page 8 of 16 / 81957854 - SP AP Learning and teaching activities The need for a respiratory system The ventilation mechanism The effect of carbon dioxide conc. on rate and depth of breathing The effects of asthma on ventilation The exchange of gases at respiratory Surface The uptake, transport and release of gases by blood Roles of stomata and lenticels in a terrestrial flowering plant 2+2 1 1+1 - The dissection of a rat to show respiratory system - Examination of the stomata and lenticels - Measurement of stomatal density Civic Ed. Ex./Test Newspaper cutting, short Q and structured Q, data analysis, drawing diagrams, lab report Date 6-9/2 Wk Topic 22 (2) Transport in angiosperms (i) Vascular tissues (ii) Absorption and transport of water and mineral salts 12-14/2 Lunar year holiday 23 26/2-2/3 24 (iii) Transport of organic solutes Content - The basic anatomy of a young root, stem and a woody stem of a dicot plant 1+2 - Absorption and transport of water by cohesion-tension mechanism and root pressure - Pathways of water movement: apoplast, symplast and vacuolar - Absorption of mineral salts by diffusion and active transport; the transport of mineral salts in xylem vessels - Structure of guard cells and distribution of stomata - Transpiration creates water potential gradient - Factors affecting transpiration - The translocation of organic substances in the phloem; the evidence for transport in phloem; an outline of the mass flow hypothesis 1+2 - Test (after school) Page 9 of 16 / 81957854 SP 1+2 2+2 AP Learning and teaching activities - The examination of slides of a young stem and a woody stem of a dicot plant (free-hand sectioning and simple staining) - L.P. and H.P. drawings of vascular tissues and cells with annotations - Investigation the rate and path of water transport using a dye solution - Examination of prepared slide of leaf epidermis to study guard cells and distribution of stomata - Investigation of the factors affecting the rate of transpiration by using potometer Civic Ed. Ex./Test Newspaper cutting, short Q and structured Q, data analysis, drawing diagrams, lab report Date Wk Topic 3. Ecology (1) Ecosystem Content - Meaning of biosphere, biome, ecosystem, community & population Concept of habitat and niche of an organism Outline of population growth and the Factors affecting it Outline of biotic and abiotic factors in ONE local ecosystem and their effects On the distribution and abundance of Organisms in that ecosystem Use of sampling method 1 - Transfer of energy between trophic levels, importance of producers, consumers and decomposers; - Food chains, food webs and trophic levels; the pyramid of numbers, pyramid of biomass and pyramid of energy - Nitrogen and carbon cycles - Predation, competition, commensalism, mutualism and parasitism 2 - A simple account of ecological succession - Test (after school) 1 5-9/3 25 - 12-16/3 19-23/3 26 27 (2) Energy flow and nutrient cycling (3) Interdependence of organisms (4) Succession Page 10 of 16 / 81957854 SP AP Learning and teaching activities - 2 2 Use of audiovisual materials to show biomes $ ecosystems Concept map to show Biosphere, biome, ecosystem, Community & population Design and perform Investigation to study factors Affecting population growth - Field trip to one local habitat e.g. grassland, stream, rocky shore, mangrove, urban 3 2 1 - Use of audiovisual materials to illustrate N and C cycles Construct concept maps to show N and C cycles - Observation of the colonization of wastelands Civic Ed. Ex./Test Newspaper cutting, short Q and structured Q, data analysis, drawing diagrams, lab report Date Wk Topic Human impact on and the environment Content SP 2. Human populations - The exponential growth of the human population and its control - Impact of human population explosion on environment 1 3. Resources exploitation - 1 - Page 11 of 16 / 81957854 Renewable & non-renewable resources Risk of limiting of renewable resources AP Learning and teaching activities - Discussion on human pop. explosion and its impact on environment, world food problem as a biological and social issue, and the need for human pop. control Civic Ed. Human population and its control Ex./Test Date Wk 26-30/3 28 Topic 3. The effect of agriculture 2. The effects of urbanization and industrialization (1) Land clearance & reclamation Content - Deforestation - Soil erosion - Chemical control of pests and weeds and excessive use of chemical fertilizers - (2) Pollution - Page 12 of 16 / 81957854 Impact of land clearance & reclamation Atmospheric pollutants and their effects; Ozone depletion, global warmning and acid rain Effect of inadequate Sewage treatment Eutrophication and algal bloom Some water pollutants (e.g. oil and detergent) Use of organisms as pollution indicator Test (after school) SP 1 2+1 AP Learning and teaching activities Civic Ed. - Collect newspaper clippings on case of soil erosion and desertification - Case study on land clearance & reclamation - Debate on pros and cons of the development of a local infrastructure - Search information about API Small project Search information on EPD website Design action plan to reduce pollution The awareness of pollution and conservation Ex./Test Newspaper cutting, short Q and structured Q, data analysis, drawing diagrams, lab report Date Wk Topic Human responsibility for environmental conservation - 2-3/4 29 Supple Lessons in Easter Holiday Page 13 of 16 / 81957854 - Content Concept of sustainable development and the need for conservation of natural resources Afforestation Management of natural resources Recycling of wastes Biodiversity, conservation of wildlife and habitats Protection of endangered species Pollution control measures Relationship between economic development and conservation Importance of environmental education and legislation SP 5 AP Learning and teaching activities - A project on human responsibility for environmental conservation - Search information on waste recycling, biodiversity, work done by environmentally concerned groups - Visit one conservation area, Endangered species Resource Centre, Sewage treatment plant - Debate on the dilemma between urbanization, industrialization and conservation - Role play and discussion Civic Ed. Ex./Test The awareness of pollution and conservation Newspaper cutting, short Q and structured Q, data analysis, drawing diagrams, lab report Date Wk 16-20/4 30 Topic Health and Disease (1) Factors affecting health (i) Diet (ii) Exercise and rest (iii) Alcohol abuse (2) Transmission of pathogens and prevention of infection 23-27/4 31 7-11/5 33 Content (iv) Some non-infectious diseases Page 14 of 16 / 81957854 AP Learning and teaching activities Civic Ed. Ex./Test 5 - Balanced diet Importance of exercise and rest - Effects of alcoholism - Routes of transmission of pathogens - Biological principles of prevention and control of transmissible diseases Field study camp preparation, technique (3) Defence against pathogens SP - Intact skin and epithelium, mucus and cilia and gastric juice as defence mechanisms -Importance of blood clotting -Phagocytosis -Inflammatory response -Outline of humoral and cellmediated immune response -Immune response in relation to ABO blood groups and organ transplants -Use of drugs in treating infectious diseases - Cancers, cardiovascular diseases, Diabetes, genetic diseases (F.7) - Test (after school) Newspaper cutting, short Q and structured Q, data analysis, drawing diagrams, lab report 2 7 Date 30/4-4/5 (Field study camp) Wk 32 Topic The variety of life and relation of organisms with their environment II 1. The variety of life Page 15 of 16 / 81957854 Content - - Relationship between the diversity of organisms and the variety of their ways of life Use a range of organisms found in 2 different local habitats (terrestrial & aquatic ) to illustrate how the organisms adapted to their habitats and ways of life SP 5+4 AP Learning and teaching activities - Observation of specimens to illustrate the study of organisms and their ways of life - Field trip study - Observations / drawing of microscopic slides Civic Ed. Ex./Test Appreciation of the wonders of living world Newspaper cutting, short Q and structured Q, data analysis, drawing diagrams, lab report Date Cy Topic Gas Exchange and Transport II 14-18/5 34 21-25/5 35 28/5-8/6 36 2.Transport (1) Transport in mammals (i) The circulatory system in mammals (ii) Heart (iii) Blood vessels (iv) Blood, tissue fluid and lymph 11-22/6 Page 16 of 16 / 81957854 Content SP - Need for transport system; composition of blood - Function of circulatory system; role of haemoglobin; oxygen dissociation curves; Bohr effect - Structure and function of blood vessels; structure of heart, pace-maker, cardiac cycle - Nervous and hormonal control of heart beat; exchange of materials between blood and body cells; formation of tissue fluid and lymph - Test (After school) - Revision 2+2 Final Examination and Evaluation 2 3 3 AP Learning and teaching activities - Examination of blood smear - A simple histology of arteries, capillaries and veins - Dissection of a pig's heart - Dissection of a rat to show the circulatory system - Search information on artificial hearts, artificial heart valves, artificial pacemaker and heart transplants, effects of high altitude training for athletes on oxygen carrying Capacity of blood - Measurement of blood pressure Civic Ed. Ex./Test Newspaper cutting, short Q and structured Q, data analysis, drawing diagrams, lab report