Download Nutrition

San Wui Commercial Society Secondary School
Form 6 Biology Teaching Schedule (2006-2007)
Duration :First term : 1/9/2006 - 19/1/2007
Second term: 22/1/2007 - 11/7/2007
Total number of Weeks : 33
Date
4-8/9
Wk
1
Topic
Introduction
Wk = number of week
SP = Scheduled number of period
AP = Actual number of period
Content
- Subject outline; introduction to AL
Biology and TAS; laboratory safety
SP
1
- Modern classification based on
phylogenetic relationship of organisms
- Five kingdoms and the characteristics
of each kingdom
- Binomial system of naming organisms
and the concept of taxonomic
hierarchy
- Use external features to construct keys
and using them to identify organisms
- Test (after school)
3+1
AP
Learning and teaching activities
Discussion on laboratory safety
cases
Civic Ed.
Ex./Test
The variety of life and
relation of organisms
with their
environment I
11-15/9
2
1. Classification
Page 1 of 16 / 81957854
-
Observation of specimens to
study their external features
- Field trip study
- Observations / drawing of
microscopic slides
-
Construction of dichotomous
Keys and use of the key to
Identify plants and animals
Appreciation
of the
wonders of
living world
Newspaper
cutting,
short Q
and
structured
Q, data
analysis,
drawing
diagrams,
lab report
Date
Wk
Topic
The cell
1. Chemical
constituents
18-22/9
3
25-29/9
4
2. Cell structure
Content
- The function and chemical structure of
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and
nucleic acids
- Inorganic components
- Cell organelles (under EM)
- Structure and function of some cell types
-
Fluid mosaic model of membranes
- Prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells
- Test (after school)
Page 2 of 16 / 81957854
SP
2+2
1
1+2
1
AP
Learning and teaching activities
- Food tests
- Use models or audiovisual
materials to show the structure
of carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins and nucleic acids
- EM photos of organelles
- Use of microscope and
temporary slide preparations
- Construction of fluid mosaic
model
- EM photos of Prokaryotic cells
and eukaryotic cells
Civic Ed.
Ex./Test
Newspaper
cutting,
short Q
and
structured
Q, data
analysis,
lab report
Date
3-6/10
9-13/10
Wk
Topic
3. Transport of
substances in and
out of the cell
5
6
Content
- Selective permeability of membranes
- Destruction of membranes at high T
and by chemicals
- Diffusion, osmosis and active
transport
- Pinocytosis and phagocytosis
- Turgor and plasmolysis in plant cells
with reference to water potential,
solute potential and pressure potential
SP
1+2
2+4
AP
Learning and teaching activities
- Beetroot experiment:
destruction of membranes by T
and some chemicals
- Experiments to show
plasmolysis or to determine
solute potential or water
potential of plant cells
4. Enzymes
16-20/10
23-27/10
7
8
Page 3 of 16 / 81957854
- Protein nature of enzymes
- As catalysts in lowering activation
energy
- Concept of active site and enzyme
specificity
- Induced-fit model of enzyme action
- Effects of T, pH, enzyme conc. And
substrate conc.
- Cofactors and inhibitors
- End-product inhibition
- Application of enzymes
- Test (After school)
1+4
2
1
- The effects of temperature, pH,
enzyme or substrate conc. on the
rate of enzymatic reactions
- Use of enzymes in daily life
Civic Ed.
Ex./Test
Newspaper
cutting,
short Q
and
structured
Q, data
analysis,
lab report
Date
31/103/11
Wk
Topic
Genetics I
Content
SP
1
-
Read articles of some
biologists
1+1
-
Use of models or audiovisual
materials to illustrate the
structure of DNA,
semi-conservative mechanism
of DNA replication, synthesis
of protein
Discussion on the
construction of a large
number of words by
using three letters
- Experiments of
Mendel, Meselson
and Stahl
-
Historical development of genetic
concepts and ideas
1. Nature of action of
gene
-
Structure and chemical nature of DNA
Semi-conservative nature of DNA
replication
Features of genetic code
Roles of DNA and RNAs in protein
synthesis
Turned on and off of genes
9
-
2. Structure of
Chromosomes
- Organization of DNA into chromosomes
3. Cell cycle
-
Learning and teaching activities
1
1
-
1
-
Mitosis and Meiosis
Outline of cytoplasmic division in
animal and plant cells
- Test (After school)
Page 4 of 16 / 81957854
AP
1+1
Extraction of DNA and
observation of squash
preparation of giant
chromosomes e.g.
salivary glands of
Chironomus larvae
- Observation of squashes of
root tops to study stages of
mitosis.
- Study of
photomicrographs/slides
showing mitosis or meiosis
Civic Ed.
Ex./Test
Newspaper
cutting,
short Q
and
structured
Q, data
analysis,
lab report
Date
Wk
Topic
Energetics
1. Photosynthesis
6-10/11
13-17/11
20-24/11
(1) Site
10
11
- Importance for converting light energy
to chemical energy
- Structure of a dicot leaf in relation to
Photo.
- Structure of chloroplasts shown in EM
- Different pigments
- Absorption spectra of chlorophyll
pigments and action spectrum of photo
(2) Photochemical
reactions
- Outline of photochemical reactions
(3) Carbon fixation
- Outline of Calvin cycle
- The effects of light intensity, carbon
dioxide concentration and temperature
on the rate of photosynthesis; the
concept of limiting factors
- The principle for maximizing plant
growth in greenhouse by the control of
light, T and carbon dioxide conc.
(4) Factors
affecting
photosynthesis
12
Content
2. Chemosynthesis
- Nature of chemosynthesis using
nitrifying bacteria as an example
- Test (After school)
Page 5 of 16 / 81957854
SP
AP
Learning and teaching activities
Ex./Test
2+4
1
2+2
1
1
The examination of leaf
structure in relation to
photosynthesis
- Demonstrate the spectrum of
white light passing a prism &
chlorophyll extract
- The extraction and separation
of leaf pigment by simple
chromatography
- Discussion on the importance
of photochemical reactions
and evolution of aerobic
organisms
Civic Ed.
- Read Calvin’s experiment
- The oxygen bubbling
experiment to show the
effects of light intensity,
carbon dioxide concentration
and temperature on rate of
photosynthesis
- Search information on the
importance of other types of
bacteria in maintenance of
ecosystem
Newspaper
cutting,
short Q
and
structured
Q, data
analysis,
drawing
diagrams,
lab report
Date
Wk
Topic
1. Respiration
Content
-
27/11-1/12
13
(1) Sites
(2) Glycolysis
4-8/12
14
(3) Aerobic pathway
Importance of respiration in
converting chemical energy in food to
chemical energy in ATP
-
SP
2
- Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
- Outline of Krebs cycle
2+4
-
Observation of EM photos of
mitochondrion
Construct a flow chart of
glycolysis
- Experiment to determine the
rate of aerobic (eg. germinating
seeds, insects) and anaerobic
(e.g. yeast) respiration
(4) Anaerobic pathway
-
Fate of pyruvate
Formation of lactic acid in muscle,
ethanol and carbon dioxide in yeasts
(5) Energy yield
-
Comparison of energy yield of aerobic
and anaerobic respiration
1
(6) Role of ATP
-
Role of ATP in energy transfer
1
Page 6 of 16 / 81957854
Learning and teaching activities
Civic Ed.
Ex./Test
1
Sites of various biochemical pathways
of respiration
- Structure of mitochondrion shown in
EM
- Outline of glycolysis
- Test (After school)
AP
Newspaper
cutting,
short Q
and
structured
Q, data
analysis,
drawing
diagrams,
lab report
Date
11-15/12
Wk
15
Topic
Nutrition
Content
1. Modes of nutrition
- Autotrophic and heterotrophic nutrition
2.Nutrients required
by photosynthetic
plants
-
1. Heterotrophic
nutrition
- The general plan of mammalian
alimentary canal; functions in digestion
and absorption; histology of ileum;
16
Supple.
Lessons
in
Christmas
holiday
8-19/1/07
17-19
Page 7 of 16 / 81957854
Learning and teaching activities
-
-
- Dentition and dental formulae of a
carnivore, herbivore and omnivore
- Digestion process, function of
carbohydrase, amylase, protease and
(iii) Absorption and
lipase
assimilation
- The absorption in ileum,
- The routes by which absorbed food
substances are transported to tissues
- Fates of absorbed food substances
- Structure of ileum wall
- Roles of liver
(2) Saprophytic
nutrition
(3) Parasitic
nutrition
1
AP
Functions of macro-nutrients
- Hydroponics
(1) Holozoic nutrition
(i) Ingestion
(ii) Digestion
18-21/12
SP
- The characteristic features of
saprophytic
nutrition, roles of saprophytes in
ecosystem
- The characteristic features of parasitic
nutrition
- Test (After school)
Mid-term Examination and Evaluation
2+1
1
-
1
-
1+2
-
1+1
Construction of a table to
compare carbon and energy
Sources of different modes of
nutrition
Compare the chemical
ingredients of different
fertilizers available in
supermarket
The dissection of rat to show
digestive system
A simple histology of the
ileum
Examination of the skulls of
a carnivore, herbivore and
omnivore
Demonstration of protease /
amylase activity using
different regions of the gut
of a small animal
A simple histology of a
mammalian liver
- A study of the structure of
bread mould
- Demonstration of starch
digestion by bread mould
- Examination of structure of
tapeworm
Civic Ed.
Ex./Test
Newspaper
cutting,
short Q
and
structured
Q, data
analysis,
drawing
diagrams,
lab report
Date
Wk
Topic
Gas Exchange and
Transport I
1. Gas exchange
22-26/1
29/1-2/2
20
21
(i)Gas exchange in
mammals
Content
-
(ii) Gas exchange in
flowering plants
Page 8 of 16 / 81957854
-
SP
AP
Learning and teaching activities
The need for a respiratory system
The ventilation mechanism
The effect of carbon dioxide conc.
on rate and depth of breathing
The effects of asthma on ventilation
The exchange of gases at respiratory
Surface
The uptake, transport and release of
gases by blood
Roles of stomata and lenticels in a
terrestrial flowering plant
2+2
1
1+1
- The dissection of a rat to show
respiratory system
- Examination of the
stomata and lenticels
- Measurement of stomatal
density
Civic Ed.
Ex./Test
Newspaper
cutting,
short Q
and
structured
Q, data
analysis,
drawing
diagrams,
lab report
Date
6-9/2
Wk
Topic
22
(2) Transport in
angiosperms
(i) Vascular tissues
(ii) Absorption and
transport of
water and
mineral salts
12-14/2
Lunar
year
holiday
23
26/2-2/3
24
(iii) Transport of
organic solutes
Content
- The basic anatomy of a young root, stem
and a woody stem of a dicot plant
1+2
- Absorption and transport of water by
cohesion-tension mechanism and root
pressure
- Pathways of water movement: apoplast,
symplast and vacuolar
- Absorption of mineral salts by diffusion
and active transport; the transport of
mineral salts in xylem vessels
- Structure of guard cells and distribution
of stomata
- Transpiration creates water potential
gradient
- Factors affecting transpiration
- The translocation of organic substances
in the phloem; the evidence for
transport in phloem; an outline of the
mass flow hypothesis
1+2
- Test (after school)
Page 9 of 16 / 81957854
SP
1+2
2+2
AP
Learning and teaching activities
- The examination of slides of a
young stem and a woody
stem of a dicot plant
(free-hand sectioning and
simple staining)
- L.P. and H.P. drawings of
vascular tissues and cells
with annotations
- Investigation the rate and path
of water transport using a
dye solution
- Examination of prepared slide
of leaf epidermis to study
guard cells and distribution of
stomata
-
Investigation of the factors
affecting the rate of
transpiration by using
potometer
Civic Ed.
Ex./Test
Newspaper
cutting,
short Q
and
structured
Q, data
analysis,
drawing
diagrams,
lab report
Date
Wk
Topic
3. Ecology
(1) Ecosystem
Content
-
Meaning of biosphere, biome,
ecosystem, community & population
Concept of habitat and niche of an
organism
Outline of population growth and the
Factors affecting it
Outline of biotic and abiotic factors in
ONE local ecosystem and their effects
On the distribution and abundance of
Organisms in that ecosystem
Use of sampling method
1
- Transfer of energy between trophic
levels, importance of producers,
consumers and decomposers;
- Food chains, food webs and
trophic levels; the pyramid of numbers,
pyramid of biomass and pyramid of
energy
- Nitrogen and carbon cycles
- Predation, competition, commensalism,
mutualism and parasitism
2
- A simple account of ecological
succession
- Test (after school)
1
5-9/3
25
-
12-16/3
19-23/3
26
27
(2) Energy flow and
nutrient cycling
(3) Interdependence
of organisms
(4) Succession
Page 10 of 16 / 81957854
SP
AP
Learning and teaching activities
-
2
2
Use of audiovisual materials
to show biomes $ ecosystems
Concept map to show
Biosphere, biome, ecosystem,
Community & population
Design and perform
Investigation to study factors
Affecting population growth
- Field trip to one local habitat
e.g. grassland, stream, rocky
shore, mangrove, urban
3
2
1
-
Use of audiovisual materials
to illustrate N and C cycles
Construct concept maps
to show N and C cycles
- Observation of the
colonization of wastelands
Civic Ed.
Ex./Test
Newspaper
cutting,
short Q
and
structured
Q, data
analysis,
drawing
diagrams,
lab report
Date
Wk
Topic
Human impact on
and the environment
Content
SP
2. Human populations
- The exponential growth of the human
population and its control
- Impact of human population explosion
on environment
1
3. Resources
exploitation
-
1
-
Page 11 of 16 / 81957854
Renewable & non-renewable
resources
Risk of limiting of renewable
resources
AP
Learning and teaching activities
- Discussion on human pop.
explosion and its impact on
environment, world food
problem as a biological and
social issue, and the need for
human pop. control
Civic Ed.
Human
population
and its
control
Ex./Test
Date
Wk
26-30/3
28
Topic
3. The effect of
agriculture
2. The effects of
urbanization and
industrialization
(1) Land clearance
& reclamation
Content
- Deforestation
- Soil erosion
- Chemical control of pests and weeds
and excessive use of chemical
fertilizers
-
(2) Pollution
-
Page 12 of 16 / 81957854
Impact of land clearance &
reclamation
Atmospheric pollutants and their
effects;
Ozone depletion, global warmning
and acid rain
Effect of inadequate Sewage treatment
Eutrophication and algal bloom
Some water pollutants (e.g. oil and
detergent)
Use of organisms as pollution
indicator
Test (after school)
SP
1
2+1
AP
Learning and teaching activities
Civic Ed.
- Collect newspaper clippings
on case of soil erosion and
desertification
- Case study on land clearance
& reclamation
- Debate on pros and cons of
the development of a local
infrastructure
-
Search information about API
Small project
Search information on EPD
website
Design action plan to reduce
pollution
The
awareness of
pollution and
conservation
Ex./Test
Newspaper
cutting,
short Q
and
structured
Q, data
analysis,
drawing
diagrams,
lab report
Date
Wk
Topic
Human responsibility
for environmental
conservation
-
2-3/4
29
Supple
Lessons
in
Easter
Holiday
Page 13 of 16 / 81957854
-
Content
Concept of sustainable development
and the need for conservation of
natural resources
Afforestation
Management of natural resources
Recycling of wastes
Biodiversity, conservation of wildlife
and habitats
Protection of endangered species
Pollution control measures
Relationship between economic
development and conservation
Importance of environmental
education and legislation
SP
5
AP
Learning and teaching activities
- A project on human
responsibility for
environmental conservation
- Search information on waste
recycling, biodiversity, work
done by environmentally
concerned groups
- Visit one conservation area,
Endangered species Resource
Centre, Sewage treatment
plant
- Debate on the dilemma
between urbanization,
industrialization and
conservation
- Role play and discussion
Civic Ed.
Ex./Test
The
awareness of
pollution and
conservation
Newspaper
cutting,
short Q
and
structured
Q, data
analysis,
drawing
diagrams,
lab report
Date
Wk
16-20/4
30
Topic
Health and Disease
(1) Factors affecting
health
(i)
Diet
(ii)
Exercise and
rest
(iii) Alcohol abuse
(2) Transmission of
pathogens and
prevention of
infection
23-27/4
31
7-11/5
33
Content
(iv) Some
non-infectious diseases
Page 14 of 16 / 81957854
AP
Learning and teaching activities
Civic Ed.
Ex./Test
5
-
Balanced diet
Importance of exercise and rest
-
Effects of alcoholism
-
Routes of transmission of pathogens
-
Biological principles of prevention
and control of transmissible diseases
Field study camp preparation, technique
(3) Defence against
pathogens
SP
- Intact skin and epithelium, mucus
and cilia and gastric juice as defence
mechanisms
-Importance of blood clotting
-Phagocytosis
-Inflammatory response
-Outline of humoral and cellmediated immune response
-Immune response in relation to ABO
blood groups and organ transplants
-Use of drugs in treating infectious
diseases
- Cancers, cardiovascular diseases,
Diabetes, genetic diseases (F.7)
- Test (after school)
Newspaper
cutting,
short Q
and
structured
Q, data
analysis,
drawing
diagrams,
lab report
2
7
Date
30/4-4/5
(Field
study
camp)
Wk
32
Topic
The variety of life and
relation of organisms
with their
environment II
1. The variety of life
Page 15 of 16 / 81957854
Content
-
-
Relationship between the diversity of
organisms and the variety of their
ways of life
Use a range of organisms found in
2 different local habitats (terrestrial &
aquatic ) to illustrate how the
organisms adapted to their habitats
and ways of life
SP
5+4
AP
Learning and teaching activities
-
Observation of specimens to
illustrate the study of
organisms and their ways of
life
- Field trip study
- Observations / drawing of
microscopic slides
Civic Ed.
Ex./Test
Appreciation
of the
wonders of
living world
Newspaper
cutting,
short Q
and
structured
Q, data
analysis,
drawing
diagrams,
lab report
Date
Cy
Topic
Gas Exchange and
Transport II
14-18/5
34
21-25/5
35
28/5-8/6
36
2.Transport
(1) Transport in
mammals
(i) The circulatory
system in
mammals
(ii) Heart
(iii) Blood vessels
(iv) Blood, tissue
fluid and lymph
11-22/6
Page 16 of 16 / 81957854
Content
SP
- Need for transport system; composition
of blood
- Function of circulatory system; role of
haemoglobin; oxygen dissociation
curves; Bohr effect
- Structure and function of blood vessels;
structure of heart, pace-maker, cardiac
cycle
- Nervous and hormonal control of heart
beat; exchange of materials between
blood and body cells; formation of
tissue fluid and lymph
- Test (After school)
- Revision
2+2
Final Examination and Evaluation
2
3
3
AP
Learning and teaching activities
- Examination of blood smear
- A simple histology of arteries,
capillaries and veins
- Dissection of a pig's heart
- Dissection of a rat to show the
circulatory system
- Search information on
artificial hearts, artificial heart
valves, artificial pacemaker
and heart transplants, effects
of high altitude training for
athletes on oxygen carrying
Capacity of blood
- Measurement of blood pressure
Civic Ed.
Ex./Test
Newspaper
cutting,
short Q
and
structured
Q, data
analysis,
drawing
diagrams,
lab report