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CHAPTER 17
Impact of the Individual
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In 1863, you have been a Civil War soldier for two
years. The life of a soldier is a hard one. The food is
awful. Disease is common. Worst of all is the
horrible violence and death. Often you feel the urge
to run away and go home.
What would inspire you to keep fighting?
• What would you be willing to sacrifice for
your country? What if your country fought
for something you did not believe in?
• How would the attitudes of fellow
soldiers influence your decision?
January 1863 Emancipation Proclamation is issued.
July 1863 Battle of Gettysburg takes place.
Union takes Vicksburg.
March 1864 Grant is put in charge of all Union armies.
November 1864 Lincoln is reelected.
To World
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April 1865 Union takes Richmond.
Lee surrenders at Appomattox
Court House. Lincoln is assassinated.
January 1863 Polish nationalists revolt against Russian
rule.
July 1863 Source of Nile River is found at
Lake Victoria in present-day Uganda.
June 1864 Archduke Maximilian becomes
emperor of Mexico.
September 1864 First International Workingmen’s
Association is established, and Karl Marx
becomes its leader.
September 1865 English officials arrest
Fenian leaders of planned uprising in Ireland.
Back to U.S.
Back to Home
Main Idea
In 1863, President Lincoln issued the
Emancipation Proclamation, which helped to
change the war’s course.
Why It Matters Now
The Emancipation Proclamation was an
important step in ending slavery in the
United States.
What were the responses to
the Emancipation Proclamation?
Abolitionists were
glad it was issued but
wished that it had
gone further.
Most Union soldiers
welcomed it.
Northern Democrats
were worried it would
prolong the war.
RESPONSES TO
PROCLAMATION
White Southerners
were outraged.
• What was Lincoln’s reason for not
emancipating slaves when the war began?
• Why was the immediate impact of the
Emancipation Proclamation limited?
• Why did black soldiers often face greater
hardships than white soldiers?
Recognizing Effects
How did the Emancipation Proclamation
change the role of African Americans in
the war?
Think About
• how the proclamation changed military policy
• the response of many Southern slaves to the
proclamation
Back to Home
Main Idea
The Civil War caused social, economic, and
political changes in the North and the South.
Why It Matters Now
Some changes, like the growth of industry,
affected Americans long after the end of the
Civil War.
During the later years of the war, how were the conditions
in the North and South similar? How were they different?
NORTH
Copperheads,
draft riots,
strong industry
BOTH
dissent over war
and draft laws,
inflation, women’s
key role, harsh
prison camps
SOUTH
food
shortages,
great
hardship,
slave
resistance
• How did the South’s principle of states’ rights
undermine the Confederate war effort?
• How did the draft laws in the
North and South differ?
• What conditions at prison camps caused
so many to suffer behind enemy lines?
Making Generalizations
What economic changes took place
during the Civil War?
Think About
• the war’s effect on prices
• industry and agriculture
• new economic measures begun
by the government
Back to Home
Main Idea
Thanks to victories, beginning with Gettysburg
and ending with Richmond, the Union
survived.
Why It Matters Now
If the Union had lost the war, the United States
might look very different now.
What were the key events from Section 3
that occurred between 1862 and 1866?
1862 Antietam;
Fredericksburg
1864 Grant named head of Union
armies; Wilderness; Cold Harbor;
Atlanta; Lincoln reelected; Savannah
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1862
1866
1863 Chancellorsville;
Gettysburg; Vicksburg
1865 Richmond
falls; surrender
at Appomattox
• Why was the Battle of
Gettysburg important?
• Why was Northern success in the
Siege of Vicksburg important?
• How did Grant treat Confederate soldiers
after the surrender at Appomattox Court House?
Map
Contrasting
How was the Civil War different
from wars that Americans had
previously fought?
Think About
• the role of civilians
• Sherman’s military strategy
Back to Home
Main Idea
The Civil War brought great changes
and new challenges to the United States.
Why It Matters Now
The most important change was the
liberation of 4 million enslaved persons.
What was the social, economic,
and political legacy of the Civil War?
SOCIETY
ECONOMY
• death and injury
• cost of war
• disruption of lives
• Northern
industrialization
• freeing of slaves
• Southern labor
system destroyed
POLITICS
• government
expansion
• Thirteenth
Amendment
• What were some of the human
costs of the Civil War?
• What did the Thirteenth Amendment achieve?
• What was the state of the Southern
economy after the Civil War?
Making Inferences
How do you think the assassination of
President Lincoln affected the nation?
Think About
• the reaction of ordinary citizens
• its impact on government
Back to Home
REVIEW QUESTIONS
ANSWERS: READ AND TAKE NOTES
1 Why did Lincoln issue the
Emancipation Proclamation?
2 How did black soldiers aid the war effort?
3 How did events on the home front
show the toll that war was taking there?
4 Why did some people say the Civil War
was a “rich man’s war but a poor man’s fight”?
5 How did enslaved persons help the Union?
6 Why was the Battle of Gettysburg so important?
7 How did Sherman’s march help the Union?
8 How did Grant defeat Lee?
9 How was the Thirteenth Amendment different
from the Emancipation Proclamation?
10 How did the war change the national economy?
Comparing and Contrasting
NORTH
SOUTH
EMANCIPATION
PROCLAMATION
Many people are enthusiastic;
Democrats are angered
Most whites are enraged; blacks are
elated
WAR’S IMPACT
Mild inflation; new possibilities
for women
Severe inflation; bread riots; new
possibilities for women
NORTHERN VICTORIES
IN BATTLE
Union confidence rises; Lincoln
wins second term
Confederate morale sinks; bid for
European recognition is lost
UNION WINS
CIVIL WAR
Industrial expansion
Enslaved persons liberated;
widespread economic devastation
Back to Home
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