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Pender County Schools Bloodborne Employee Training Bloodborne Pathogen Training This powerpoint has been developed to help meet OSHA requirements at initiation of employment. A refresher course will be given annually during employment. Please review the entire powerpoint. Complete the enclosed test, sign, date and return to the Personnel Director, who will then forward it to the School Nurse in the area where you are assigned. The Personnel Director and School Nurse can address any questions or concerns. Who can conduct training? Registered nurses Athletic trainers Safety Director Other designated persons designated who are knowledgeable of OSHA regulations and PCS’s Bloodborne Pathogen Exposure Control Plan. What are Bloodborne Pathogens? Bloodborne pathogens are infectious materials in blood that can cause disease in humans. These include hepatitis B and C and human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV. Workers exposed to these pathogens risk serious illness or death. How are Bloodborne Pathogens Spread in the Workplace A person can be infected when blood from an infected person: Enters the skin from contaminated needles or other contaminated sharp objects (ie. Broken glass) Enters the body through broken skin (scratch, cut, chapped hands) Enters mucous membranes by spraying or splashing of blood (or body fluids containing blood) into the mouth, nose or eyes. HEPATITIS B (HBV) What is Hepatitis B? An inflammatory liver disease caused by the hepatitis B virus Results in liver cell damage that can lead to scarring of the liver (cirrhosis) and increased risk of liver cancer in some people. It is 100 times more infectious than HIV, has no cure, and can be fatal. In a dried state, HBV may remain viable on surfaces for up to 1 week and maybe longer. It is the only bloodborne disease with a vaccine available for protection. Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Transmission HBV is transmitted primarily through “blood to blood” contact: by accidental needle sticks other contaminated sharps injuries sexual contact mucous membrane contact through open cuts. Risk most often occurs in unprotected direct or indirect contact with infected blood. It is not transmitted by casual contact. HEPATITIS B (HBV) Symptoms Many people with newly acquired hepatitis B have no symptoms at all or they may have very mild and flu-like symptoms: Loss of appetite Stomach pain Nausea Fatigue Muscle or joint aches Mild fever Possibly jaundice (yellowish tinge to the skin) & Darkened urine. Symptoms may not become noticeable for 1-9 months, after exposure. HEPATITIS B (HBV) Disease Outcome Acute infection: 95% of infected adults develop antibodies and recover spontaneously within six months. Upon recovery, they develop immunity to the virus and they are not infectious to others. Chronic infection: 5% of infected adults become carriers of the virus, are chronically infected, and can infect others. The HBV virus remains in blood and body fluids – they may or may not show outward signs or symptoms. HEPATITIS B (HBV) Preventing HBV Infection – things you can do: Get the HBV vaccinations - vaccination provides protection for more than 15 years, and possibly a lifetime. HBV booster shots are not recommended. Wear gloves and other personal protective equipment when cleaning up blood and other potentially infectious materials. Cover any broken skin and rashes with bandages. Clean up any blood spills with an EPA-registered tuberculocidal disinfectant. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) What Is Hepatitis C? Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a virus that causes inflammation of the liver. Many infected individuals show no signs or symptoms. Hepatitis C is a slow-progressing disease that may take 10-40 years to cause serious liver damage in some people. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Transmission The hepatitis C virus is found mainly in blood. Injection drug use is the primary risk for HCV infection. HCV is not spread through kissing or casual contact. HCV may be transmitted by accidental needle sticks – needles contaminated with HCV-positive blood. HCV is rarely spread through sexual contact. Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) The hepatitis C virus may also be transmitted by using: Razors Needles Toothbrushes Nail files Barber's scissors Tattooing equipment Body piercing or Acupuncture needles -if these items are contaminated by blood of an infected person. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) Symptoms Most people who are infected with the HCV do not have symptoms and are leading normal lives. Most people do not have jaundice although jaundice can sometimes occur along with dark urine. If symptoms are present they may be very mild and flu-like Nausea Fatigue Loss of appetite Fever Headaches & Abdominal pain. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Preventing HCV Infection There is no vaccine to prevent HCV. Vaccines for Hepatitis A and B do not provide immunity against hepatitis C. Avoid handling anything that may have the blood of an infected person on it. Handle needles and sharps with extreme caution – use a brush and dustpan or tongs to pick up broken glass and other sharp objects contaminated with blood. Never directly use your hands . Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) What is HIV? HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Acquired means that the disease is not hereditary but develops after birth from contact with a disease causing agent (in this case, HIV). Immunodeficiency means that the disease is characterized by a weakening of the immune system. Syndrome refers to a group of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease. In the case of AIDS this can include the development of certain infections and/or cancers, as well as a decrease in the number of certain cells in a person’s immune system. AIDS AIDS weakens the body’s immune system so that it cannot fight other deadly diseases. AIDS is a fatal disease. There is no cure and no vaccine for AIDS. HIV The HIV virus will not survive long outside of the human body. HIV particles are reduced by 90-99% within several hours upon drying. Employees providing first aid or medical care involving fresh blood are at-risk. Transmission may occur through accidental needle-sticks, sexual contact, open cuts, or mucous membranes of the eyes or inside of the nose. Biting is not a common way of transmitting HIV; however, severe trauma with extensive tissue tearing and damage and presence of blood would be of concern. HIV Transmission Saliva, tears, and sweat - HIV has been found in saliva and tears in very low quantities from some AIDS patients. However, finding a small amount of HIV in a body fluid does not necessarily mean that HIV can be transmitted by that body fluid. HIV has not been recovered from the sweat of HIV-infected persons. Contact with saliva, tears, or sweat has never been shown to result in transmission of HIV. HIV is not spread by causal contact. HIV Symptoms Many people who are infected with HIV do not have any symptoms at all for many years. Symptoms include: Rapid weight loss; Dry cough; Recurring fever or profuse night sweats; Profound and unexplained fatigue; Swollen lymph glands in the armpits, groin, or neck; Diarrhea that lasts for more than a week; White spots or unusual blemishes on the tongue, in the mouth, or in the throat Pneumonia Red, brown, pink, or purplish blotches on or under the skin or inside the mouth, nose, or eyelids Memory loss Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is not a bloodborne pathogen. HAV is found in the stool (feces) of persons with hepatitis A. HAV is usually spread from person to person by putting something in the mouth (even though it may look clean) that has been contaminated with the stool of a person with hepatitis A. This is called “fecal-oral” transmission. There is no chronic (long-term) infection. Once you have had hepatitis A you cannot get it again. There is now a vaccine available for protection. Basics of Infection With Boodborne Pathogens All of these factors must be present for a potential exposure to occur: Infected source An entry site Potential route of transmission An unprotected, susceptible person Prevent the Spread of Bloodborne Diseases Avoid blood or other potentially infectious material Properly Wash Hands Use barriers (gloves) Clean up area with approved disinfectant Use caution when handling contaminated items Prevent the Spread of Bloodborne Diseases Wear gloves during contact with blood or body fluids. They could possibly contain blood, urine, feces, or vomit. Cover cuts, sores, or breaks on exposed skin with bandages. Thoroughly Wash Hands and other parts of the body immediately after contact with blood or other body fluids, including your own. Prevent the Spread of Bloodborne Diseases Handle needles and other contaminated items very carefully. Never re-cap or bend needles. Dispose of needles & sharp items in puncture-proof containers. Disinfect soiled surfaces with an EPAregistered tuberculocidal disinfectant. Exposure Risk Determination An employee’s risk of exposure to infected blood is determined by an evaluation of two variables: 1. The employee’s risk of contacting blood, based on occupation group, and; 2. The presence of persons infected with HIV or HBV. Employee Tasks which may cause exposure Breaking up fights Assisting with nose bleeds Cleaning up bloody waste Any task that results in a break in the skinsuch as a bite Rendering first aid and other instances involving blood HEPATITIS B VACCINE •Hepatitis B Vaccine can be given at your doctor’s office or at the local county health department. •It consist of a series of three shots over a period of 6 months. •All three shots must be completed to ensure immunity. Hepatitis B Vaccine Employees who have been identified as having a high potential of occupational exposure to blood or other infectious materials, will be offered the Hepatitis B vaccine at no cost, through the Pender County Health Department. Procedures to follow if an exposure incident occurs If there is an exposure, wash the exposed area immediately. Notify your supervisor. Notify the School Nurse. The School Nurse may also advise you to seek medical evaluation & treatment based on the exposure situation. Post Exposure Evaluation & Follow Up – Notify School Nurse and Administrator. – Notify Human Resources of exposure. – Communicate any medical care and/or treatment plans or follow up care with the Human Resources Director. Work Area Practices Employees will wear gloves where it is reasonably anticipated that employees will have hand contact with blood and other potentially infectious materials. Employees shall wash their hands immediately or as soon as possible after removal of gloves or other personal protective equipment. Work Area Practices Employees who are likely to be exposed to human bites should wear long sleeves or other protective clothing. If exposed, remove all garments that are penetrated by blood immediately. Place in plastic bag. Work Area Practices All procedures are conducted in a manner to minimize splashing, spraying, splattering, and generation of droplets of blood or other potentially infectious materials. Personal Protective Equipment All personal protective equipment used is provided at no cost to employees. Personal protective equipment is chosen based on the anticipated exposure to blood or other potentially infectious materials The School Nurse can arrange for any personal protective equipment required. Gloves Gloves are worn where it is reasonably anticipated that employees will have contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials. Latex sensitive employees will be provided with suitable alternative personal protective equipment. Housekeeping It is important to remember that contaminated surfaces are a major cause of the spread of hepatitis. Hepatitis B virus can survive on environmental surfaces dried and at room temperatures for at least 7 days. Housekeeping Employers shall ensure that the worksite is maintained in a clean and sanitary condition. Employees involved in decontamination of work surfaces or equipment, or who handle contaminated laundry, must wear gloves to prevent contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials. Labels School districts are not viewed by the state as generators of “regulated medical waste” and are not required to use red waste containers, bags or labels. CONTAMINATED CLOTHING Anyone who has clothing that has blood or body fluids on them must change into clean clothing immediately. A person cannot remain at school with blood or body fluids on clothing. Laundry Procedures Use gloves and follow universal precautions when handling contaminated laundry or other potentially infectious materials. Bag all contaminated gauze, bandages, or paper towels at the area where contaminated. Place in leak proof plastic bags prior to placing in trash. Place contaminated clothing in plastic bags and send home with the child. The laundry may not be sorted or rinsed in the area of use. Questions are Encouraged If you have any questions or concerns about this program, please contact the Personnel Director, Safety Director or your School Nurse.