Download Test: Chapter 14: New Encounters: The Creation of a World Market

Test: Chapter 14: New Encounters: The Creation of a World Market (honors)
1. What was the primary motive for European exploration in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?
A. to spread Christianity
B. to gain wealth
C. to force social change
D. to provide a place for Protestants
2. What was the term for Spanish explorers?
A. conquistadors
C. reconquista
B. crusaders
D. los vatos locos
3. By the fourteenth century, an increasing percentage of the spice trade was:
A. carried by Dutch ships.
B. transported overland by Mongols.
C. conducted by Muslims.
D. carried by the Portuguese around Africa.
4. What was the first European state to reach South and Southeast Asia?
A. Spain
B. England
C. Portugal
D. the Papal States
5. The Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs was:
A. Albuquerque
C. Moctezuma
B. Cortez
D. Pizarro
6. Why did Portugal ultimately fail to dominate the Indian Ocean?
A. It failed to invest in new maritime technologies.
B. Portugal lacked a unified religious identity.
C. The empire was too large to manage.
D. There were no European rivals to inspire competition.
7. The primary threat to Portuguese trade in Southeast Asia came from the English and the:
A. Dutch
B. French
C. Chinese
D. Turks
8. Which of the following was the major African rival to Portuguese power in East Africa?
A. the Ashanti
B. the Boers
C. the Zulus
D. Mwene Mutapa
9. What was the new power in West Africa’s savanna zone after the decline of Mali in the fifteenth century?
A. Bakongo
B. Songhai Empire
C. Ottoman Empire
D. Ming Empire
10. What term best expresses a traditional Chinese attitude of superiority?
A. trade balance
B. dominance
C. Zhongguo
D. Taoism
11. What small Muslim state exerted considerable influence in Southeast Asia?
A. Sultanate of Zanzibar
B. Mamluk Empire
C. Ottoman Empire
D. Sultanate of Malacca
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12. What factor utterly decimated American Indians before the Eurpoeans?
A. firearms
B. war dogs
C. horses
D. disease
13. Which of the following best describes the trade balance between Europe and the rest of the world before the
1500s?
A. The Europeans had little access to exotic goods and had little of value to trade.
B. The Europeans could access exotic goods, but had little of value to trade.
C. The Europeans had large stores of money, but little access to trade goods.
D. The Europeans had goods valued by Asians and Africans, but Arabs blocked trade.
14. What was the principal trade good of West Africa until the eighteenth century?
A. ivory
B. rhinoceros horn
C. slaves
D. gold
15. What served as the lingua franca for international trade in the fifteenth century?
A. Spanish
B. Portuguese
C. Arabic
D. Persian
16. What was mixed culture and language of coastal East Africa?
A. Swahili
B. Songhai
C. Amharic
D. Bantu
17. Who was the Chinese explorer of the fifteenth century who made trips to Arabia and Africa?
A. Marco Polo
B. Mansa Musa
C. Zheng He
D. Ming the Merciless
18. Bambucburé is:
A. a rich goldfield in West Africa.
C. a large diamond mine in Zimbabwe.
B. a delicious stew of monkey meat.
D. a city in Indonesia captured by the Portuguese.
19. Whose mission was the first to circumnavigate the globe?
A. Dias’
C. Magellan’s
B. Drake’s
D. Zheng He’s
20. What term best expresses the attitude of superiority of the West?
A. industrialization
B. Eurocentrism
C. suzerainty
D. trade
21. What was the encomienda system?
A. Spaniards owned large estates in the Americas and used African slaves to work them.
B. Portuguese settlers owned large estates in the Azores and used African slaves to work them.
C. Spaniards owned large estates in the Americas and Indians living on the land paid the owners
taxes in the form of labor.
D. Spaniards owned large estates in the Americas and Africans worked off their debts by
providing years of labor to the owners.
22. What economic system is based on the idea of investment in business ventures?
A. capitalism
B. anarchism
C. socialism
D. manorialism
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23. Which city did Albuquerque take because he saw it as critical for controlling trade in Southeast Asia?
A. Mombasa
B. Hormuz
C. Malacca
D. Baghdad
24. What allowed ships to tack into the wind?
A. astrolabes
C. watertight compartments
B. lateen sails
D. parrots to sit on captains’ shoulders
25. What treaty established a line down the Atlantic dividing spheres of influence?
A. Peace of Augsburg
B. Peace of Westphalia
C. Treaty of Paris
D. Treaty of Tordesillas
26. What state appeared to have the better end of the treaty in question 25 when it was drafted in 1494?
A. Spain
B. Portugal
C. Sweden
D. England
27. Which state ended up having the advantage in the treaty in question 25, thanks to vast silver reserves?
A. Spain
B. Portugal
C. Sweden
D. England
28. Whose hajj in 1324 sparked great interest in West Africa?
A. Mansa Musa’s
B. Amda Siyon I
C. Muhammad Ali’s
D. Suleiman the Magnificent’s
29. The School at Sagres is an example of the importance of:
A. the role of centralized national monarchies in European exploration.
B. the role science and engineering in European exploration.
C. the role of industrialization in European exploration.
D. All of the above.
E. A and B, but not C.
30. What was key to allowing the Europeans to gain control over maritime trade in the late 15th century?
A. rich natural resources
B. ship-mounted cannon
C. larger ships than their rivals
D. their knowledge of Latin
31. Who organized Portugal’s concerted effort to develop better seafaring practices?
A. Mansa Musa
B. Elizabeth I
C. Christopher Columbus
D. Henry the Navigator
32. What is the interaction of the Old World and the New World called?
A. the Northwest Passage
B. caravel
C. the Columbian Exchange
D. the Line of Demarcation
33. Who dominated the African slave trade?
A. Arab merchants
C. European rulers
B. African merchants and rulers
D. European spice merchants
34. What is the term for Dutch settlers in South Africa?
A. Congolese
C. Boers
B. Jewish Pale
D. Swahili
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35. Which of the following was not a major reason Cortés was able to defeat the Aztecs with relative ease?
A. Many of the local Indians hated the Aztecs and supported the Spaniards
B. Moctezuma thought Cortés might be the god Quetzalcoatl.
C. The Spanish had superior military equipment like firearms.
D. The Aztec military was decimated by disease.
E. Mr. Sherry is trying to trick us! All of the above were reasons the Spanish won.
36. What is the advantage of a joint stock company over a single owner-operator?
A. A business venture has more capital to work with.
B. A company could get a monopoly from the government.
C. It spreads the risk to a number of owners.
D. A and B, but not C.
E. A and C, but not B.
37. What function(s) did Jesuits serve in the Age of Discovery?
A. scholars serving the courts of local rulers
C. spies for European states
B. ambassadors for European states
D. all of the above
38. What two European states were the main powers in a global rivalry by the 1700s?
A. France and England
B. Spain and England
C. Russia and Austria
D. France and Portugal
Items 39-41 refer to the following graph.
39. Suppose you were an investor in the British East India Company and you invested £100 in 1601 Assuming
you kept all of your money invested, approximately how much would you have at the end of 1607?
A. £334
B. £234
C. £1270
D. £95
40. What trend does this chart demonstrate?
A. that empire-building was driven by the Industrial Revolution
B. that the English dominated the European economy in the early seventeenth century
C. that investment in overseas trade could be extremely profitable
D. that privateers were critical for English foreign policy
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41. Which of the following would be the best solution for the problem faced in 1608?
A. the ship’s captain owning both ship and cargo to avoid sharing profits.
B. purchasing insurance for ships and voyages from Lloyd’s of London
C. reducing the interest rates on loans
D. sailing cargo vessels with escorts of warships
Questions 42-44 refer to the following graph.
42. What was the approximate Indian population of Central Mexico
when the Spanish arrived?
A. 25 million
B. 16 million
C. 10 million
D. 25,000
43. What was the approximate population immediately after the Spanish
arrival in 1519?
A. 2 million
B. 8 million
C. 16 million
D. 20 million
44. What best accounts for the change?
A. war
C. high birth rates
B. disease
D. intermarriage
Questions 45-47 refer to the following map
45. According to the map above, which port would be most valuable for acquiring sugar?
A. Sofala
B. Goa
C. Pernumbuco
D. Cairo
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46. What natural phenomenon do the arrows in the Indian ocean between Africa and India represent?
A. prevailing westerlies
B. monsoons
C. doldrums
D. tectonic plate movement
47. Suppose you were a captain sailing with a cargo of spices from Indonesia to Aculpulco, what would be
your best strategy?
A. tack into the wind using lateen sails
B. sail before the wind with square sails
C. have galley slaves row the ship
D. tack into the wind using square sails
Questions 48-52 refer to the data below.
48. In the sixteenth century, which trade circuit had the largest number of slaves?
A. Red Sea
B. Trans-Sahara
C. East Africa and Indian Ocean
D. Trans-Atlantic
49. During which century did the Trans-Atlantic slave trade grow the greatest in terms of raw numbers?
A. sixteenth
B. seventeenth
C. eighteenth
D. nineteenth
50. For what percentage of the slave trade did the Red Sea trade circuit account overall from 1500 to 1900?
A. seventeen
B. eight
C. six
D. sixty-one
51. What best accounts for the drop in the trans-Atlantic slave trade from the eighteenth to the nineteenth
centuries?
A. Slaves became too expensive to import
B. the gradual adoption of policies banning slavery in the West
C. the successful slave uprising in Haiti in the early 1800s
D. the American Civil War and Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation
52. Based on the graph above, in which cultural area could one logically conclude that slavery continued as a
legally and socially acceptable practice throughout the 1800s?
A. the Dar al-Islam
B. the West
C. China
D. Scandinavia
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Questions 53-55 deal with the data below.
53. The largest proportion of African slaves went to:
A. Spanish colonies in the Caribbean
C. French, British and Dutch colonies in the Caribbean
B. British North America
D. Brazil
54. What did European merchants trade for slaves in Africa?
A. tobacco
C. molasses
B. gold
D. manufactured goods
55. How much of the slave trade did the British colonies of North America represent?
A. 2.5%
B. 4.5%
C. 37%
D. 15%
56. What is the best explanation for why so many more slaves were imported to Caribbean and Brazil than to
North America or Europe?
A. Disease killed Europeans and Indians at a high rate, so those populations could not provide
labor.
B. Plantation farming in the tropics demanded a huge labor force.
C. Mining in South America required a large amount of labor.
D. all of the above
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Items 57-59 refer to the following map
57. Based on this map, who controlled European access to exotic trade goods?
A. Portuguese
B. Vikings
C. Italians
D. Chinese
58. Who dominated the transfer of trade goods?
A. merchants in the Dar al-Islam
C. West Africans
B. Western Europeans
D. Australian Aborigines
59. Which region was in the weakest position regarding a balance of trade prior to the 1500s?
A. Western Europe
B. West Africa
C. Southeast Asia
D. India
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Items 60-64 refer to the following map
60. Based on this map, what were the major goods transacted between Acapulco and Manila?
A. slaves and silver
B. silver and spices
C. silver and silk
D. rum and tobacco
61. Based on this map, what was the major export from Africa?
A. slaves
C. gold
B. ivory
D. sugar
62. What does that fact tell you about this map?
A. It is inaccurate.
C. It represents the early eighteenth century.
B. It represents the time before the 1500s.
D. It tells me absolutely nothing.
63. What best characterizes the relationship between these two maps?
A. European exploration created new trade systems.
B. European exploration incorporated Europeans into overland trade systems
C. Europeans seized control over the maritime trade systems in the Indian Ocean.
D. Both A and B.
E. Both A and C.
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64. What was the most likely result of these changes?
A. The Ming government in China was made richer.
B. African states like Kongo became powerful and unified.
C. Political units that dominated trade systems in the center decayed.
D. Political units that dominated trade systems in the center grew in power.
Items 65-69 refer to the following map in conjunction with other maps on this test.
65. Whose voyages established routes for bringing sugar to Portugal from Brazil?
A. Columbus’s
B. Vespucci’s
C. Balboa’s
D. Da Gama’s
66. Which state’s voyages were clearly aimed at wresting control over maritime trade routes from Arabs,
Indians, and Chinese?
A. Spain’s
B. England’s
C. China’s
D. Portugal’s
67. Whose voyages established new trade systems for the Europeans?
A. Columbus’s
B. Magellan’s
C. Vespucci’s
D. All of the above
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68. The arrows on the map above demonstrate the importance of what technology?
A. sternpost rudder
B. magnetic compass
C. lateen sail
D. ship-mounted cannon
69. What is the overall conclusion one can reach examining all of the maps on this test?
A. European exploration was motivated by circumventing Muslim and Italian middlemen and
resulted in expanding global trade.
B. European exploration was dependent on new technologies, but had little impact on the world.
C. European colonization was of greater importance than Old World trade.
D. The Chinese should never have stopped supporting Zheng He’s missions; they could have
colonized the Americas themselves.
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Items 70-74 refer to the following primary sources
70. According to Gonzalo Fernández de Ovieda, what were Vasco Nuñez’s motivations for exploration?
A. acquisition of great riches
B. service to Spain
C. all of these are correct
D. conversion of the Indians to Christianity
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71. How does Gonzalo Fernández de Ovieda depict Vasco Nuñez?
A. bloodthirsty
C. pious
B. greedy
D. racist
72. How did James Cook view Europeans compared to the native Tahitians?
A. He saw Europeans as superior.
B. He saw Tahitians as superior.
C. He rejected Christianity for Tahitian religion.
D. He thought Europeans were dumb
73. James Cook:
A. believed that European contact was a mistake and should be discontinued in order to preserve
Tahitian culture.
B. believed that Europeans had a mission to civilize Polynesian peoples.
C. believed that European contact had greatly improved the lives of Tahitians.
D. believed that European contact had changed Tahitian culture and could not be discontinued.
74. Which source is more typical of the attitudes we have encountered in this chapter?
A. Gonzalo Fernández de Ovieda
B. James Cook
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Items 75-80 deal with the following essay
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75. According to this essay, what brought Europe to a level of technological development that compared
favorably with China’s in the fifteenth century?
A. the acquisition of silver from the Americas
B. economic changes in the late Middle Ages
C. the acquisition of gunpowder in the 1200s
D. the development of universities in the 1100s
76. Which of the following was not an advantage the Chinese enjoyed over the Europeans in the fifteenth
century?
A. a single, unified state
B. a larger army
C. a larger population
D. greater innovation due to competition
77. Which of the following was a way Europeans made up for their deficiencies?
A. They had become efficient at using limited resources.
B. All of these are noted in the essay.
C. They used technological innovations from the Middle Ages.
D. European armies were well-equipped and relatively disciplined.
78. Which of the following was not a key area of support for overseas exploration in Europe?
A. Peasants wanted land to settle.
B. Rulers wanted wealth for military expeditions.
C. Merchants wanted access to trade goods.
D. Church leaders wanted to win converts.
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79. Which of the following statements in the essay supports the notion of China’s “cultural chauvinism”
discussed in class?
A. “Yunglo appears to have been motivated by little more than curiosity and the vain desire to impress
his greatness and that of his empire upon peoples whom he considered inferior.”
B. “The merchants had the option of waiting for other peoples to come to them ….”
C. “The voyages strengthened the position of the much-hated eunuchs, who vied with the scholargentry for the emperor’s favor and the high posts that went with it.”
D. all of the above
E. Both A and B, but not C
80. Which of the following statements best characterizes the thesis of this essay?
A. Exploration was driven primarily by technological advancements.
B. Ming China and Europe had many similarities, but also important differences in the early modern
period of world history.
C. Differences in internal motivations for expansion and culture explains why Europe, not China,
explored and expanded in the early modern period.
D. The fact that Zheng He was a eunuch and a Muslim explains why the Ming Empire did not establish
overseas colonies the way European states did.
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