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Sec 1 History Exam Study Guide 2016/17 Inquiry 1- Sedentarization Terms and ideas to know, define and explain: 1. Bartering 6. Land Clearing 11. Skilled trades 2. Grinder 7. Social Hierarchy 12. Division of Labour 3. Neolithic 8. Hunting & Gathering 13. Domesticate 4. Paleolithic 9. Irrigation 14. Nomadism 5. Anthropology 10. Agriculture Guiding Questions to Study: 1. a) What tasks did men/women perform during Paleolithic times and Neolithic times? Men hunted and farmed because they have “more muscles”. Women gathered nuts and berries, prepared meals and crafts (so they could stay close to their children) b) Why was there a division of labour? There was a lot of jobs to get done. With division of labour all the tasks could get done. Once there was agriculture there were even more jobs to be done and so people needed specific tasks. 2. Outline 3 similarities between Neolithic lifestyles and your own? - There are three things that are similar to Neolithic and our own society: - We produce meat and agriculture just like the Neolithic people started - We use a lot of tools like axes, pick axes, hoes, animal carts to help with tasks - A lot of people stay in one spot (sedentary) like the Neolithic people did 3. How do social hierarchies, division of labour, and skilled trades relate to your life? Social Hierarchies still exist today. There are first class and second class groups. There are also social hierarchies in schools and businesses. There is still division of labour. Different people take on different roles in society to keep it working. Skilled trades are jobs that require skills. Today, they could be mechanics or artists, etc. 4. Explain the key aspects of a Neolithic lifestyle, a sedentary lifestyle and outline what could have caused the change. The main aspects of the Neolithic lifestyle where to stay in one spot (sedentary) they learned to farm and they started to breed animals. They didn’t have to look for their food. People are healthier because they don’t have to worry about travelling or food. The change was caused by the discovery of agriculture and the result of the end of the ice age (global warming). 5. Review pg 12 Q 6, pg 20 Q 3, and Review pg 24 Inquiry 2- Civilization Mesopotamia Terms and ideas to know, define and explain: 1. Skilled Trades 6. Cuneiform 11. Craftspeople 2. Slaves 7. Cadastre of Dunghi 12. Merchants 3. Free people 8. Epic of Gilgamesh 13. Peasants 4. Hierarchical 9. Code of Hammurabi 14. Soldiers 5. Scribes 10. Agricultural Surplus 15. Civilization Guiding Questions to Study: 1. What led to the invention of writing? Writing started by drawings on cave walls, slowly it became cuneiform writing. People used this type of writing for taxes, trades and animals. 2. How has writing changed society or what has it allowed for? Writing changed society because we can share ideas. It also changed society that people could track debt and that gives power to some people. 3. What is an agricultural surplus? Agriculture means to plant seeds in the dirt. When the rain comes, the seeds grow. Agriculture surplus means a lot healthier food can be saved. The more food there is the more people can live and be supported. 4. Explain how or describe how peasants, craftspeople, merchants and soldiers had an interdependent relationship. Peasants produced food by tilling. The crops were wheat, barley, sesame, and millet. Craft people made tools, pots, weapons, etc. Merchants bartered with people in other Mesopotamian cities (they needed tools, crafts, food from peasants). They also needed protection from soldiers. Soldiers protected the goods and territories from potential robbers. 5. Identify the four social groups of Mesopotamia and outline the roles and responsibilities for each group. The/ The king was the supreme chief of the city and neighboring villages. He is the boss. He also represented the gods on Earth. The slaves are the prisoners of war. They also received no wages for their work. They had no rights. 6. What Mesopotamian social hierarchy is found in today’s society and why? We still have a queen, a governor general and soldiers because the soldiers are protecting us from war. The Queen manages things in our country. Inquiry 3- First Experience of Democracy Terms and ideas to know, define and explain: 1. Citizen 6. Tyranny 11.Sponsor 2. Metic 7. City-States 12. Democracy 3. Slave 8. Podium 13. Solon’s Laws 4. Democracy 9. Citizenship 14. Debate 5. Vote 10. Art of Reasoning 15. Important Places: Gynaecium, Acropolis, Parthenon and Pnyx Hill Guiding Questions to Study: 1. What were young Athenian boys taught in school and why? Young Athenian boys were taught reading, writing, music and arithmetic. They trained physical activities, running wrestling, and javelin throwing. From 15 to 17 they trained for different sports and delivering speeches. From 18 to 20 they have military service. 2. What are the social institutions of Athens and which buildings were used by each institution? ALISON/ ALEX 3 What were the social groups of Athens and explain their individual rights and responsibilities. The social groups of Athens are the citizens, the metics and the slaves. The citizens own land and rule the city. Their sons are educated so become good citizens, military servicemen and participated in political life. The slaves have no rights and have to work and obey their masters. The metics make profits and accumulate riches, pay city taxes, serve in the army and participate in religious celebrations. 4. Review pg 76, 80-81, 84, 92, and 104