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Part 1: External Anatomy of Heart 5. Insert your index finger into the right atrium and your thumb into the left atrium. Squeeze. What is the name of the muscle? What is its function? Septum. The function is to prevent mixing between the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Part 2: Internal Anatomy of Heart Right side of heart 4. Pull the two sides apart and look for three flaps of membrane. These membranes form the tricuspid valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle. The membranes are connected to flaps of muscle called the papillary muscles by tendons called the chordae tendinae or "heartstrings." Explain the function of the tricuspid valve. To prevent backflow of blood from the right ventricle to right atrium During the ventricular systole went the pressure in ventricle is higher than in atrium This causes the closing of the tricuspid valves 5. Insert your probe into the pulmonary artery. To which chamber do you probe goes to? (This is the chamber that the blood from which the blood flows into the pulmonary artery) right ventricle Left side of heart 2. Locate the bicuspid valve between the left atrium and ventricle. This will have two flaps of membrane connected to papillary muscles by tendons. Explain the function of the valves. To prevent backflow of blood from the left ventricle to left atrium During the ventricular systole went the pressure in ventricle is higher than in atrium This causes the closing of the bicuspid valves 3. Insert a probe into the aorta and observe where it connects to the left ventricle. State the chamber which the probe appears. (This is the chamber that the blood from which the blood flows into the aorta) left ventricle 4. Compare the thickness of the wall of the right ventricle and the left ventricle. Which is thicker? Explain why one wall is thicker than the other? The left ventricle has thicker wall The left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the body which can be long distance from the heart whereas right ventricle pumps blood to lungs which is of a short distance from heart Left ventricle has to have thicker wall to pump hard to produce high pressure to allow blood to travel to the rest of the body Aorta and Pulmonary Artery 1. Compare the thickness of the aorta and pulmonary artery. Which is thicker? Why? 2. Aorta is thicker than pulmonary artery The blood travelling through aorta is from left ventricle hence is of higher pressre than blood travelling through pulmonary artery Aorta is thicker to withstand the high pressure Make an incision up through the aorta and examine the inside carefully for small membranous pockets. These form the aortic semilunar valves which prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle. What is the function of the valves? Prevents backflow of blood from aorta into left ventricle During diastole when the pressure in ventricle drops This causes the semilunar valves to close hence preventing backflow Part 3: Tracing the Flow of blood Right heart Deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium (chamber) through the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava .It passes through the tricuspid valve and enters the right ventricle (chamber). Blood leaves through the semilunar valve and goes into the Pulmonary (vessel) artery, to the lungs (organ) to pick up oxygen. Left heart Oxygenated blood from the lungs enters the left atrium (chamber) through the pulmonary vein (vessel) . Blood flows through the Bicuspid valve into the left ventricle (chamber). It leaves through the semilunar valve, entering the aorta (vessel). The heart really does feed itself first, because the first branches off the aorta are the right and left coronary arteries (vessels).