Download Chapter 12 Section 1 – The Renaissance (p. 398-403)

Chapter 12 Section 1 – The Renaissance
(p. 398-403)
MAIN IDEAS
The Italian Renaissance
1350-1550
(p. 398-399)
Map of Renaissance
Italy, 1500
(p. 399)
NOTES
1.) Renaissance = _____________________________________________________________________________
 rebirth of the ancient Greek and Roman worlds
 began in Italy
2.) Characteristics of the Renaissance
a.) _______________________________________________________________________________________
 urban = city
 city-states were centers of political, economic, and social life
 secular viewpoint = enjoying material goods
b.) age of __________________________________________________________________________________
 plague, political instability and decline of Church power
 rebirth of interest in ancient culture
o ancient Rome and ancient Mediterranean world
o affected politics and art
c.) Emphasize on ___________________________________________________________________________
 “Men can do all things if they will” -Leon Batista Alberti – 15th Century
 Leonardo da Vinci = painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, and mathematician
 During Middle Ages, Italy did not have a central monarchy, or one ruler that controlled all of Italy
The Italian States
(p. 399- 400)
1.) ____________________________________ city-states with ________________________________________
 Milan, Venice, and Florence
a.) Prosperous ______________________________________________________________________________
 Silk, sugar, spices
2.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
 14th Century = controlled by the Visconti Family
 1447 – last Visconti ruler died and Francesco Sforza conquered Milan
 Sforza led a band of mercenaries
 Mercenaries = soldiers who sold their services to the highest bidder
a.) ___________________________________________________________________ rulers helped to build a
________________________________________________________________________________________
 Created an efficient tax system to generate revenue for their government.
3.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
a.) a _____________________________________ with an elected leader called a ________________________
b.) a small group of __________________________________________________________ ran the government
4.) _________________________________________________________________________________________
a.) Controlled by a small wealthy group of _______________________________________________________
 1434 = Cosimo de’Medici took control of the city
b.) _________________________________________________________________________________ of Italy
c.) Economy based on the _____________________________________________________________________
 Increased competition from England and Flemish cloth makers decrease profits
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Chapter 12 Section 1 – The Renaissance
(p. 398-403)
 Girolamo Savonarola (a Dominican preacher) condemned the lifestyle of the Medici’s
 Medici turned Florence over to Savonarola’s followers
 Savonarola set strict rules
o Strict regulations on gambling, horseracing, swearing, painting, music and books
o Attacked the corruption of the Catholic Church
 1498 – Savonarola was accused of heresy and put to death
 Medici family took power again
The Italian Wars
(p. 400)
1.) ________________________________________________ invaded Italy in 1494
 King Charles VIII led an army of 30,000 men and occupied Naples (southern Italy)
2.) Northern Italian states asked __________________________________________________ for help
3.) Next 30 years, ___________________________________________________________ fought to control Italy
4.) ____________________________________________________________________________ – May 5, 1527
 Spanish mercenaries sacked and pillaged Rome
5.) King __________________________________________________________ became a dominant force in Italy
Machiavelli on Power
(p. 401)
1.) Niccolo Machiavelli wrote ___________________________________________________________________
 One of the most influential books on political power in the Western world
 Rejected the Medieval idea that political power was based on the ruler’s morality and Christianity
a.) Said ___________________________ activity should NOT be restricted by ________________________
 Believed a ruler acted on the behalf of the state
b.) For the state’s sake, a ruler must be willing to let his ___________________________________________
Renaissance Society
(p. 402-403)
See diagrams on p. 404405
1.) _______________________________________________________________– 2-3% of Europe
 Held political posts and advised the king
 The Book of the Courtier by Baldassare Castiglione (1528)
a.) a noble was born with _____________________________________________________________________
b.) be a ______________________________________ but also be educated and interested in ______________
c.) follow a standard of conduct to serve his ruler in an __________________________________________ way
(see quote on p. 402)
2.) ______________________________________________________________________________ = 7-13%
a.) ____________________________________________________________________ – wealthy businessmen
b.) _______________________________________________ – small shopkeepers, artisans, and guild members
c.) ___________________________________with small wages and unemployed = 30-40% of urban population
 See quote on p. 403
3.) ___________________________________________________________________________ = 85-90%
 Before 1500, peasants were serfs
 Serfs = peasants legally bound to the land, who had to provide labor, rents and be subject to the lord’s control
in return for his protection
 By 1500, more peasants were legally free
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Chapter 12 Section 1 – The Renaissance
(p. 398-403)
Family and Marriage
(p. 403)
1.) Family bonds provided ______________________________________________________________________
a.) Parents __________________________________________________________ to benefit business or family
 Arrangements could happen when children were only 2-3 years old
 Dowry = money that the wife’s family gave to the husband
2.) __________________________________________________________________ controlled the Italian family
a.) Managed all _____________________________________________________________________________
b.) Had ________________________________________________________________________ over children
 Made decisions about children’s lives until the father died
 Children could be freed if the father went before a judge and legally freed them
 No set age for legal adulthood
3.) ____________________________________supervised the _________________________________________
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