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Sports Science
5.1 Introduction to Sports Science
Learning objectives

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Know the role of scientists involved in sport
Understand how antagonistic muscles work
St. Luke’s Science and Sports
College

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Sports scientist – aim to improve athletic performance
Sports physiologist

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Nutritionist

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health and fitness, particularly the parts of body directly
involved
Control energy and nutrient intake
Material Scientist

Properties of materials used and the effects sports have on
materials
Fit to Suceed
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Success in sport depends upon:
Fitness and performance of body
 Energy and nutrient intake
 Effectiveness of kit
 Athletic skill level
 Concentration under pressure

Surf ’s Up!

Surf Science at Plymouth Uni
Material science
 aerodynamics
 wave mechanics
 business skills
 Surf technique
 Field trip to Hawaii!

What is muscle?
 Tissue
consisting of
bundles or sheets of cells
 Able to contract and cause
tension
 3 types of muscle:
 Voluntary
muscle
 Involuntary muscle (hollow
organs)
 Cardiac muscle
 All
work in different ways
Voluntary (skeletal) muscle
 Attached
to our bones
with tendons
Under conscious control
 Continuous function
 Structural function
 Some facial muscles
joined to your skin

 Muscles
generate heat as
a by-product
Involuntary (smooth) muscle
 Found
in walls of hollow organs
 Work automatically
 Stomach
 Intestines
 Uterus
 Pupillary
 Perform
sphincter muscle
housekeeping functions
Cardiac muscle
 Only
found in the heart
 Never gets tired
 Not under our control
 Contracts – pumps blood
 Relax – fills heart again
70-90 times a minute
 3,280,896,000 in a life time

Muscles work in pairs
 Attached
to bones by tendons
 Muscles
can only exert a pulling force
 Muscles
are found in antagonistic pairs
 Extensor
 Flexor
 Biceps
muscle - opens the joint
muscle
and triceps:
 Biceps
are contracting = triceps relaxing
 Triceps
contracting = bicep relaxing
Key Points



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Sports physiologist – studies parts of body used
during exercise
Nutritionist – energy and nutrient intake
Materials scientist – properties of materials used
in kit
Success = fitness, kit, skill, energy and
concentration
Skeletal/voluntary muscles work as antagonistic
pairs