Download Trimester One Grammar

Trimester One Grammar:
Use the information below to help in your writing and grammar homework.
Editing your
work
Neat and Complete CUPS!
 Capitalization
o First word in a sentence
o Proper nouns and I
o All other letters lowercased
 Usage (Grammar)
o Subject-verb agreement (I/you/we play, he/she/it plays)
o Irregular verbs
 I am, you/they/we are, he/she/it is
 I was, you/they/we were, he/she/it was
 I/you/they/we have, he/she/it has
o Complete Sentences
 Punctuation
o Period at the end of sentences.
o Is there a question mark at the end of questions?
o Put an exclamation point at the end of exclamations!
 Spelling
o All sight words spelled correctly
o Previous spelling words spelled correctly
o Their, their, they’re; to, two, too
Parts of
Speech
Finding Nouns
 Ask yourself, is that word a person, place, thing or idea.
 Examples: sister, house, New Jersey, happiness
Finding Pronouns
 Ask yourself, “Does this word replace a noun.
 Which noun does it replace?
 Examples: I, you, he, she it, they, we
Finding Adjectives
 Find the noun.
 Ask yourself, “Does this word describe the noun?”
 Examples: colors (green), sizes (little), traits (kind), numbers, (three)
Finding Verbs
 Look for the word that shows an action
 Examples: run, think, sleep, eat, said
Finding Adverbs
 Look for the word that describes the verb, adjective, or another adverb.
 Hint: Usually ends with –ly.
 Examples: quickly, loudly, quietly, slowly
Verb tenses
Verb Tenses


Actions can happen in the past (already happened), present (happening now), and future
(hasn’t happened yet).
I think about when the action is happening and which verb sounds like book talk.
I/you
He/she/
it
We/
they
Subject-verb
agreement
Past
-ed
(I walked)
Present
__
(I walk)
-ed
(He
walked)
-ed
(We
walked)
-s, -es
(He
walks)
__
(We walk)
Future
Will __
(I will
walk)
Will __
(He will
walk)
Will __
(We will
walk)
Subject-Verb Agreement
 Subjects and verbs agree to sound like “book talk.”
 Singular subjects go with plural verbs (The boy walks)
 Plural subjects go with singular verbs (The boys walk)
 I ask myself, “Does that sound like book talk?”
To
HAVE
I
He/she/
it
We/
they
Past
Present
Future
I had
He had
I have
He has
We had
We have
I will have
He will
have
We will
have
To BE
I
You
Past
I was
You were
Present
I am
You are
He/she/
it
We/
they
He was
He is
We were
We are
We will
be
To DO
I
You
Past
I did
You did
Present
I do
You do
He/she/
it
We/
they
He did
He does
Future
I will do
You will
do
He will do
We did
We do
Future
I will be
You will
be
He will be
We will
do
Pronounantecedent
agreement
Comparatives
and
superlatives
Comparative Adjectives and Adverbs
 Comparative adjectives and adverbs only compare TWO things using “-er” or “more”
o
o
Adjective: This apple is large. This apple is larger.
Adverb: Tayla brought her own lunch recently. Nia brought her lunch more recently.
Comparative Adjectives and Adverbs
Add –er
Add “more”
fast  faster
more recently
quick  quicker
more carefully
bright  brighter
more gracefully
slow  slower
more completely
early  earlier
more horribly
high  higher
more frequently
proud  prouder
sloppy  sloppier
bright  brighter
Form Superlative Adjectives and Adverbs
 Superlative adjectives and adverbs MORE THAN TWO things using “-est” or “most”
 Hint: often says “the” before because it’s THE one
o
o
Adjective: This first apple is big. The second apple is bigger than the first. The third apple is the
biggest of the three.
Adverb: Tayla brought her lunch recently. Nia brought her lunch more recently than Tayla. Craig
brought his lunch most recently.
Superlative Adverbs
Add –est
Add “most”
fast  fastest
most recently
quick  quickest
most carefully
bright  brightest
most gracefully
slow  slowest
most completely
early  earliest
most horribly
high  highest
most frequently
proud  proudest
sloppy  sloppiest
bright  brightest
Punctuation
used in
dialogue
Using Commas and Quotation Marks in Dialogue
 If the dialogue tag is first:
o Tag, “Dialogue.”
o She said, “Run over here.”
o She yelled, “Run over here!”
o She asked, “Are you running?”
 If the dialogue is first:
o “Dialogue,” tag.
o “Run over here,” she said.
o “Run over here!” she yelled.
o “Are you running?” she asked.
 Hint: comma (make comma motion, quotation (make marks), CAPITALIZE!)
Possessive
nouns
Possessive Nouns
 A possessive noun shows that something belongs to someone
 When something belongs to ONE person, use ‘s.
o The crayons belong to the teacher. They are the teacher’s crayons.
 When something belongs to MORE THAN ONE person, use s’.
o The soccer ball belongs to the girls. It is the girls’ soccer ball.
Don’t Get Tricked!
 its = possessive (What is its name?)
 it’s = it is (It’s going to rain.)
 their = possessive (Where is their game?)
 they’re = they are (They’re going to the game.)
 there = place (I want to go there!)
Forming and Using Plural Nouns
 Most nouns are changed from singular to plural by adding –s, -es or –ies (Examples: kid
kids, piecepieces, partyparties)
 Some nouns are irregular and are changed from singular to plural in different ways
(examples: loafloaves, partyparties
 I ask myself, “How do I say more than one __?”
 I think about the plural noun that makes sense
 I spell the plural noun in a way that makes sense
Irregular
nouns
Irregular
verbs
Form Verbs
 I ask myself, “How do I say this verb in the past?” (already happened)
 I ask myself, “How do I say this very in the present?” (happening now)
 I ask myself, “How do I say this very in the future?” (hasn’t happened yet)


Decoding
tricky words
I think about the verb that makes sense
I spell the verb in a way that makes sense
When I read a word I don’t know, I
 Use word parts, chunks, blends and vowel sounds that I know
 Read with accuracy by noticing the beginning, middle, and end of each word
 Read with fluency by “reading the way I talk” with intonation, speed and through
observing punctuation.
 Correct myself when something doesn’t look right or sound right
 Reread to understand if I didn’t understand the first time
List of high-frequency “tricky” words
Reading
fluently and
accurately
When I read to myself or aloud, I
 Read with accuracy by noticing, the beginning, middle, and end of each word
 Read with fluency by “reading the way I talk”
 Read with expression by noticing punctuation and the purpose of the sentences
 Correct myself when something doesn’t look right or sound right
 Reread to understand if I didn’t understand the first time