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Lab 5
Anatomy of Blood Vessels
Dissection of the Blood Vessels of the Cat
Examining the Microscopic Structure of Arteries and Veins.
Use Text Figure 21-1
Locating Arteries and Veins on a figure or the torso. Use figures in text, Chapter 21
Figures are also available on Canvas.
Refer to Lab Exam 1 Review Sheet for arteries and veins.
Cat Dissection Directions
1. Getting Ready
Clear the lab bench except for one set of directions and the review sheet for the first lab
exam. The review sheet lists what you need to know for the exam.
Go to the side table and select the following dissection tools:
 Scissors
 Forceps
 Scalpel
 Several blunt probes
Select goggles from the sterilizing cabinet and gloves from the side table. Only students
who plan to touch the cat need to wear gloves. You should all wear goggles.
Obtain a cat in a sealed plastic bag and a large metal dissecting pan.
Cut off a corner of the plastic bag and drain the excess fluid into the bucket near the sink.
Remove the cat from the bag and put it on the tray, ventral side up.
Discard the bag in the trash. You will be given a new bag to store the cat.
2. Opening the Ventral Cavity
Using the sharp point of the scissors, cut into the cat’s skin and underlying musculature
starting just above the pubic bone at the midline of the body. See Figure 1.
Cut along the midsagittal line to the diaphragm. Make lateral cuts at the point of incision
and just below the diaphragm so you can open up the abdominopelvic cavity.
Continue the cut up through the thorax, angling toward the right or left to avoid the cat’s
sternum. Above the sternum return the cut to the midline. Cut high up into the area under
the cat’s jaw.
Make lateral cuts just above the diaphragm to open up the thoracic cavity.
Figure 1.
3. Initial Organ Identification
a. Thoracic Cavity

thymus gland – large mass of tissue on the anterior trachea and heart
remove this after you have identified it
trachea
esophagus – deep to the trachea
lungs
heart
diaphragm






b. Abdominopelvic Cavity




greater omentum – covering the organs of the abdominal cavity. Do NOT
remove this, just push it aside.
liver – large organ just below the diaphragm
stomach – to the left of the liver
small intestine – small diameter


large intestine – large diameter
spleen – large lymphatic system organ usually to the left and a bit below the
stomach
4. Blood Vessels of the Cat
Note: arteries are injected with pink latex and veins with blue latex on these cats.
Using a blunt probe, push aside connective tissue to identify the right and left common
carotid arteries running parallel to the trachea.
Identify the small internal jugular veins next to the common carotid arteries. This is not
present in some cats.
Identify the large white vagus nerves that run along the common carotid arteries
Remove the pericardium from the heart and identify the aorta and the pulmonary trunk.
Follow the aorta and locate the large brachiocephalic artery and the left subclavian
artery.
Pushing aside connective tissue, locate the three major branches of the brachiocephalic
artery: the right subclavian artery and the right and left common carotid arteries.
Push the lungs aside on the left and move connective tissue aside to see the aortic arch
and the descending thoracic aorta
Identify the precava or superior vena cava and post cava or inferior vena cava on the
right side of the heart.
The post cava travels through the diaphragm into the abdominal cavity. Follow the
precava until it branches to form the right and left brachiocephalic veins.
Follow a brachiocephalic vein to the branch of the large external jugular vein and the
subclavian vein.
In the abdominal cavity push aside the intestines and using the blunt probe, dissect out
the inferior vena cava and the abdominal aorta.
Notice the branches on both carrying blood from and to the viscera.
Continue the dissection to reveal the external and internal iliac arteries and the
common, external and internal iliac veins.
Name____________________________
Lab Section ________________
Review Sheet
Please turn in at next lab.
1. What vessel in the cat corresponds to the superior vena cava in humans?
2. What vessel in the cat corresponds to the inferior vena cava in humans?
3. Does the cat have a common iliac artery? _____
common iliac vein? _______
4. Do humans have a common iliac artery? _____
common iliac vein? _______
5. Contrast the origin of the common carotid arteries in the cat and the human.
4. Draw an artery and a vein from the slide you observed. Use colored pencils. Use the
10X or 40X lens for your drawing. Label lumen, tunica interna, tunica media, tunica
externa. Print at end of leader line, use a ruler.
Artery
Total Magnification _____X
Vein
Total Magnification _____X
List two differences that helped you to decide which is the artery and which is the vein.
a.
b.
Complete this page before you come to Lab 6 – Blood.
1. Give the normal values of total blood counts (in mm3)for
Erythrocytes ________________
Leukocytes ________________
2. What is the normal range for a hematocrit?
Men __________
Women ___________
3. Give a unique characteristic of each of the blood cell types that can be observed
with a microscope and will allow you to clearly distinguish among the cell types. For
leukocytes, give the % of each in the leukocyte population. (1 point for each cell type)
Neutrophil - % ___________
Unique characteristic______________________________________________
Lymphocyte - % ___________
Size relative to a neutrophil _____________
Unique characteristic______________________________________________
Monocyte - % ___________
Size relative to a neutrophil _____________
Unique characteristic______________________________________________
Eosinophil - % ___________
Size relative to a neutrophil _____________
Unique characteristic – use granules here_______________________________
Basophil - % ___________
Size relative to a neutrophil _____________
Unique characteristic – use granules here_______________________________
Erythrocyte
Size relative to a neutrophil _____________
Unique characteristic______________________________________________
For the Lab Exam
Identify on figure in text or lab manual:
o artery
o capillary
o capillary network
o endothelium
o external elastic lamina
o internal elastic lamina
o lumen
o
o
o
o
o
o
Slide of artery and vein:
o artery
o vein
o lumen
o tunica interna
o tunica media
o adventitia
Identify the following arteries and veins on torso:
o aortic arch
o ascending aorta
o gonadal vein
o brachiocephalic artery
o brachiocephalic vein
o celiac trunk or artery
o common carotid artery
o common iliac artery
o common iliac vein
o descending abdominal
aorta
o descending thoracic aorta
o external iliac artery
o external iliac vein
o external jugular vein
o gonadal artery
subendothelial layer
tunic intima
tunica externa
tunica media
valve
vein
o inferior mesenteric artery
o inferior vena cava
o internal iliac artery
o internal iliac vein
o internal jugular vein
o pulmonary artery
o pulmonary trunk
o pulmonary vein
o renal artery
o renal vein
o subclavian artery
o subclavian vein
o superior mesenteric artery
o superior vena cava
Using Figures in text or lab manual, identify the following arteries:
o
o
o
o
Abdominal aorta
Anterior tibial
Arcuate
Axillary
o
o
o
o
Basilar
Brachial
Brachiocephalic
Common carotid
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Common hepatic
Common iliac
Deep femoral
Descending aorta
External carotid
External iliac
Facial
Femoral
Fibular
Gonadal
Inferior mesenteric
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Internal carotid
Internal iliac
Left gastric
Radial
Renal
Right gastric
Splenic
Subclavian
Superior mesenteric
Ulnar
Vertebral
Using Figures in text or lab manual, identify the following veins
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Anterior tibial
Basilic
Brachiocephalic
Common iliac
Dorsal venous arch
External iliac
External jugular
Femoral
Fibular
Gonadal
Great saphenous
Inferior vena cava
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Internal iliac
Internal jugular
Median antebrachial
Median cubital
Radial
Renal
Small saphenous
Subclavian
Superior vena cava
Ulnar
Vertebral
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
External jugular veins
Internal iliac artery
Brachiocephalic veins
Internal jugular veins
Precava
Postcava
Common iliac vein
External iliac veins
Internal iliac vein
General Cat Dissection and Cat Blood Vessels
Identify the following on the cat dissection:
o Heart
o Lungs
o Thymus
o Brachiocephalic artery
o Subclavian artery
o Common carotid arteries
o Descending aorta thoracic and abdominal
o External iliac arteries