Download Sustainable energy - En-lite

Ljubljana, 9 July 2014
Energy and Sustainability
building a sustainable energy future - without the hot air
Samo Fürst, GEN energija
We need energy literacy to make
informed decisions about our
energy future.
Energy:
- Why?
- How much?
- When?
- Where does it come from?
- Decision factors?
1 kilowatt hour =
40 W light bulb / 24 hours
- Food (chemical energy) = 3 kWh/day/person
- Hot bath = 5 kWh of heat
- Car drive (35 km/day, consumption 7 L/100
km) = 24 kWh/day
Chemical energy
Food
Movement
Energy primary sources and its
consumption in Slovenia
Energy use means unavoidable losses
Slovenia’s primary source consumption is roughly
hours (kWh)
113 kilowatt-
per day per person.
In practical terms, this is the amount of energy one hundred and
thirteen 40-watt light bulbs would use if left turned on by a single
person around the clock, every day of the year.
Slovenian energy balance
Energy unit: kWh/capita/day
Slovenian electricity production
Size of a circle represents
yearly production
38 %
66% of electricity in Slovenia is
low carbon and sustainable
(RES + nuclear)
34 %
27 %
OTHER RENEWABLES
1%
Electricity consumption & production in
Slovenia 1960-2060
2043 – Krško NPP closed
2055 – Šoštanj TPP closed
Decisions are needed today!
1 GWh = one million kWh
Electricity use vs. time –
requested power
Morning
Evening
Electricity cannot be stored!
Production always equal to consumption!
Developing a sustainable energy strategy
Energy
equity
Energy trilemma
- How to provide affordable,
reliable supply of energy,
which takes into account the
principles of environmental
sustainability?
Energy
security
How, by what and when?
Environmental
sustainability
Factors influencing decisions
Slovenian commitments to the EU – climate and energy targets
- Reduction of CO2 emissions; total emissions reductions of 30% to
40% by 2030
- Indicative targets for 2050; 80% to 90% reduction in the overall
reduction of CO2 emissions
- The share of renewable energy sources; 25% by 2020
Life cycle impacts shall be
considered
All impacts shall be taken into account!
Planning vs NIMBY (Not In My
Back Yard)
Irresponsibility is unsustainable!
Climate change is (perceived as)
one of the most serious threats to
mankind
Source: Climate change, Report, Special Eurobarometer 372,
2011.
Climate change is a fact!
Climate change driver: CO2 at
record level of 400ppm
• 400ppm is record level in the
last 800.000 years (data from
Antarctic ice)
• This level was last reached 3
million years ago
• Ice ages repeated every
100.000 years; CO2 level was
from 180ppm to 280ppm
Climate change is a fact!
ESCII:
2,39 tCO2/toe in 1990
2,37 tCO2/toe in 2010
RES are not enough to achieve goal of
2 deg. temp. rise!
Source: OECD/IEA
Sustainable energy mix
Nuclear + Renewable
Low carbon electricity, affordable to all levels of society!
Energy
triangle
Affordable
Electricity prices for small consumers (USD/MWh)
Nuclear provides sustainability
Nuclear
Non - Nuclear
The key directions for Slovenian
sustainable energy future are:
- electrification of the transport and heating sector,
- electricity generation from sustainable and renewable
sources (nuclear and hydro energy),
- reduction of fossil fuels and focus on natural gas as the
cleanest of them,
- better use of energy sources available due to our natural
characteristics - biomass for heating,
- energy efficiency measures (- 20%, - 30%?)…
>>> EXPECTED RESULTS:
- less energy import dependency > more energy security
- less CO2 emissions
- reliable energy supply at competitive prices
Future low carbon option for Slovenia
Today
Option for future
PRIMARY SOURCES
113 kWh/d per person
PRIMARY SOURCES
80 kWh/d per person
SOLAR:
0,1 kWh/d
HYDRO:
5 kWh/d
NUCLEAR HEAT: 25 kWh/d
- 30 %
in consumption
BIOMASS AND GEOTHERMAL:
10 kWh/d
COAL: 23 kWh/d
NATURAL GAS: 11 kWh/d
PETROLEUM PRODUCTS:
39 kWh/d
SOLAR: 20 kWh/d
NUCLEAR: 20 kWh/d
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
BIOMASS: 20 kWh/d
WIND: 10 kWh/d
HYDRO: 10 kWh/d
Requirements for proposed future
option
NEEDS
SOLAR: 20 kWh/d
NUCLEAR: 20 kWh/d
Power plant
1900 MW
BIOMASS: 20 kWh/d
3400 km2 area
WIND: 10 kWh/d
400 km2 area
HYDRO: 10 kWh/d
Is it a sustainable option?
280 km2 area
All theoretic
possible
potential
GEN Group’s core business functions
Production
Development and
Investments
Trading and
Sales
Based on sustainable energy sources
The GEN Group: electricity production
Portfolio of sustainable and renewable energy sources
Electricity production in the GEN Group in 2013 (in GWh, by source)
The GEN group
2.983 GWh
Sustainable energy – provided by nuclear and RES
Slovenian average energy production:
11 TWh/per year
Slovenian average consumption:
12 TWh/per year
Average GEN Group production (50% NEK):
3 TWh/per year
Investing in new production capacity
EXPANDING NUCLEAR CAPACITIES FOR
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
•
Investment in the construction of a
second unit of Krško NPP (Krško 2).
OTHER INVESTMENTS
•
Completing the chain of hydroelectric
power plants on the lower and middle
course of the Sava River
•
Replacement of gas units PB 1, 2, 3 at
Termoelektrarna Brestanica (TEB) –
assessing the viability of investing in a
gas-steam unit.
•
Investments in the future, with a focus on
renewable and sustainable energy
sources.
JEK 2 and sustainable
development of Slovenia
• Optimal land
requirements and
nature conservation
Environment
• Low carbon source of
energy
• Domestic source of
energy
• District Heating
• Highly qualified jobs
• Pressurized water
reactor, 3th generation
with improved technology
and security
• Usage of recycled fuel
Society
• a reliable electricity
supply
Economy
• the best, most advanced
and secure technologies
• Positive impact on Slovenian economy
and standard of living
• Competitiveness on electricity market
Decision is in our hands!
Be open minded and •
decide on facts!
electricity generated at a nuclear power
plant is competitive in the market without
any subsidies
Thank you for your attention!
Questions?
Samo Fürst, Licensing Lead Engineer, GEN energija
[email protected]
Technical limitations for RES
Electricity load diagram
PV
PV+ wind
wind
Load – power needed
Energy deficit
Classic power plants