Download ITIC Curve ANSI Range B - University of South Florida

Modern Electrical Power
Production and Delivery
Ralph E. Fehr, III, P.E.
Consultant
and
Adjunct Professor of Electrical Engineering
University of South Florida
September 16, 2004
This Powerpoint slideshow
is available on the
USF Power website:
http://web.tampabay.rr.com/usfpower/fehr.htm
Nikola Tesla and the
Induction Coil
Thomas Edison and the
Incandescent Lamp
U.S Electricity Usage
as a Percentage of Total Energy Usage
25,000 kWh / person
10 x 1012 kWh
70%
1500 – 2000 GW peak
60%
11,000 kWh / person
50%
40%
30%
20%
3 x 1012 kWh
750 GW peak
ELECTROTECHNOLOGIES
1100 kWh / person
180 x 109 kWh
RESIDENTIAL
A/C
COMMERCIAL
HEATING
INDUSTRIAL
REFRIGERATION ENVIRONMENTAL
APPLIANCES
LIGHTING
TRANSPORTATION
MOTORS TV / COMPUTERS
40 GW peak
10%
1880
1940
YEAR
2000
2060
REVOLUTION
EVOLUTION
REVOLUTION
ELEC & MECH
ENGR
R&D, MAT’LS,
MFG, PWR
ELECTRONICS
ELEC & CIVIL
ENGR
R&D, PWR
ELECTRONICS
ELEC & MECH
ENGR
R&D, MAT’LS,
PROCESSES, PWR
ELECTRONICS
Technology Leads To
Product Development
Transmission and Distribution Components
Polymer Insulators
(Suspension and Post)
Transmission and Distribution Components
ACSR Conductor
(Aluminum Conductor,
Steel-Reinforced)
Transmission and Distribution Components
High-Strength Poles
(Tubular Steel and
Spun Concrete)
Transmission and Distribution Components
Zinc Oxide Varistor
Surge Arresters
Transmission and Distribution Components
High-Phase-Order
(6-phase and 12-phase)
Transmission Lines
Transmission and Distribution Components
Fiber-Optic
Communication
Systems
Transmission and Distribution Components
Microprocessor-Based
Protective Relays
Transmission and Distribution Components
IGC's 6 Megajoule, 750 kVA
IPQ-750 AC Micro-SMES
Superconducting Magnetic
Energy Storage Systems
Power Generation Components
Static
Excitation
Systems
Power Generation Components
Distributed
Control
Systems
Power Generation Components
Soft Starters
and Adjustable
Frequency
Drives for AC
Motor Control
Power Generation Components
High-Temperature Superconducting Generators
High-Power Semiconductor Devices
Ratings up to 8500 volts and 12,000 amperes
and increasing every year
Common Devices
Diodes
Thyristors
Silicon-Controlled Rectifiers (SCRs)
Gate Turn-Off Thyristors (GTOs)
Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs)
Integrated-Gate Commutated Thyristors (IGCTs)
High-Power Semiconductor Applications
Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitors (TCSCs)
Static Compensators (STATCOMs)
Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS)
Static VAR Compensators (SVCs)
230kV SVC
Reliability
Availability
Typically at least 99.99% (excluding major storm outages)
52.5 minutes/year of outage time
May be ok for today, but must improve in the future.
Voltage Control
Steady State = ±5% normally (ANSI Range A)
= ±10% during contingencies (ANSI Range B)
Transient per ITIC Chart (next slide)
Harmonic Mitigation
Voltage THD = 5% (V 69 kV)
= 2.5% (69 kV < V < 161 kV)
= 1% (V  161 kV)
Current THD
= 5% to 20% (depending on ratio of short
circuit availability to load current)
ITIC Curve
ANSI
Range B
FRIENDS
Flexible, Reliable and Intelligent Electrical eNergy Delivery Systems
Power system A
Power lines
DC
Network
Power system B
Normally
OPEN
FRIENDS NW
Protector
Solid-state
Switch
to
Utility Branch,
Substations,
nearly QCCs.
H.V.Bus
DESS
Tr.
QCC Protector
DG
Tr.
L.V.Bus
DESS
QCC
Ｇ
Filter
UPS
Computer
QCC can control
demand side.
Ordinary DC
& High
Power
Customers
Super
Premium
Ｇ
DESS
DG
FRIENDS Quality Control Center (QCC)
Outage Restoration after a Major Disaster
Widespread Power System Devastation
Worse at the Lower (Distribution) Voltages
Higher-voltage
(transmission) circuits
are more durable and less
susceptable to wind and
tree problems.
A utility system has many more
circuit-miles of distribution
than transmission; therefore,
the distribution system has a
much greater “exposure.”