Download 4-3 ch5

 Warm-up: (10-11-16)
*ch.7-3 video notes and American Serengeti/rubric out for stamp!
 1. What is mimicry?
 2. Give an example of exploitation and interference competition.
 3. Legumes show what type of symbiotic relationship? Between what two organisms?
 4. Give 1 example of mutualism and of commensalism.
 Q/A:
 Contrast primary and secondary succession.
 Give 1 example of a disturbance.
 What is a climax community?
 Give an example of a pioneer species.
 What is typically the first pioneer species in the early stages of primary succession?
 How long does it take to produce soil to start primary succession?
 Chapter 5-3
 Goals for today:
 Describe character displacement
 Contrast resilience, constancy, and inertia
 Explain the theory of island biogeography and intermediate disturbance hypothesis
 Character Displacement
 When niches overlap, there is competition.
 Divergent evolution can reduce the amount of competition
 Evolutionary process where a beneficial adaptation can “displace” an older one.
 The characters involved can be morphological, behavioral, or physiological
 Ex. Galapagos finches.
 When the two species occur together on the same island, the g. fuliginosa’s beak is much narrower than the g.
fortis and they eat smaller seeds.
 When the two species are on different islands, their beaks are both medium sized and they eat a wider variety
of seeds.
 Resource partitioning
 What causes character displacement to take place?
 Hawaiian Islands
 Movement of the plate over the hot spot in the crust creates the next island in the chain.
 Which island is the oldest? Youngest? Which way is the plate moving?
 Ecosystem Stability
 Inertia or persistence
 Constancy
 Resiliance
 Ecosystem Stability
 Inertia or persistence – ability of a system to resist disturbances
 Seen mostly in climax communities.
 Ability to withstand disturbances in the first place.
 Constancy –
 keeps population level stable
 Resilience –
 ability to bounce back from a disturbance
 Rainforests tend to have (high, low) inertia and (high, low) resilience.
 Which biome is not very resilient?
 ECOLOGICAL STABILITY AND SUSTAINABILITY
 Having many different species appears to increase the sustainability of many communities.
 Human activities are disrupting ecosystem services that support and sustain all life and all economies.
 Intermediate Disturbance hypothesis
 Fairly frequent, moderate disturbances produce the greatest diversity
 What are some consequences of suppressing fires in an area?
 What are some effects of fires on a community?
 Species Diversity on Islands
 Theory of island biogeography:
 The bigger the more diverse
 The farther from mainland the less diverse
 Reasons:
• Small = less resources so higher extinction rate
• Far = less immigration
• The closer the island is to the mainland, the (lower, higher) the immigration rate.
 Symbiosis review
 Identify the type of symbiosis in the following examples.
 What are the 4 main types of relationships again?
 Parasitism
 Predation
 Commensalism
 Mutualism
 Heartworm is now recognized
as a major, global pest affecting dogs, wolves.
coyotes, and foxes.
 Epiphyte
 Egyptian plover and Nile crocodile
 Check for Understanding:
 1. Rainforests tend to have (high, low) inertia and (high, low) resilience.
 2. Bigger islands that are closer to the mainland tend to be (more, less) diverse. This is according to the theory of
…
 3. Contrast inertia and resilience.
 4. What causes character displacement to take place?