* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Core independent C6 on Intel Core Microarchitecture (Nehalem)
Survey
Document related concepts
Microprocessor wikipedia , lookup
Standby power wikipedia , lookup
Wireless power transfer wikipedia , lookup
History of electric power transmission wikipedia , lookup
Electric power system wikipedia , lookup
Mains electricity wikipedia , lookup
Immunity-aware programming wikipedia , lookup
Electrification wikipedia , lookup
Audio power wikipedia , lookup
Switched-mode power supply wikipedia , lookup
Alternating current wikipedia , lookup
Power over Ethernet wikipedia , lookup
Magnetic-core memory wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Andy Malone MVP, MCT CEO / Trainer / Consultant Quality Training (Scotland) Ltd & Dive Deeper Technology Events EMEA Session Code: CLI321 This Session Will Cover: The Need for Green! Processor Developments inc Core Parking Technology Windows Power Management Architecture Using Trigger Start Services, Idle Resource Utilisation, Timer Coalescing Enhanced Power Managements Features: Adaptive display Brightness, Low Power Audio, Bluetooth & Network power Enhancements. Enhancing Notebook & Net book Battery Life Playback Pipeline scaling Using Group Policies to configure Power & Performance settings. Power Efficiency Diagnostics: Using PowerCFG.exe Drilldown. Conclusions & Q&A The Need for Green! The Need for Green! Increasing number of mobile users Increased number of users leaving laptops / PCs on downloading movies, music etc Wide Availability of Broadband. Users leaving PCs On-Line for updates, patching etc I’m not paying the bill so users have a don’t Care Mentality. Need to leave systems on for Backup, defragmentation, AV purposes. We Need to be Smarter! A Dynamic and Design Scalable Microarchitecture Increasing Energy Focus on PCs Increasing Energy Costs PC energy consumption has doubled since 2000 EPA estimates PCs use ~2% of all electricity consumed Businesses trimming costs Increased mobile workforce More home users are thinking “green” PC on 24/7 is 8% of household power usage http://www.energystar.gov/ia/ partners/prod_development/revisions /downloads/computer/TierII_Network _Issue_Slides.pdf Green Hardware + software Solutions! Power Management Developments Plug and Play, ACPI, On Now Solutions are a combination of Hardware Architecture & Operating System Advances Automating Internet updates or systemmaintenance utilities Handling docking changes for mobile users Preserving network connections Keeping presentations online Extending mobile battery life Handling events for network agents and peripherals. The Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) Open standard for unified operating system-centric device configuration and power management. Released in 1996, Defines platform-independent interfaces for hardware discovery, configuration, power management and monitoring. Specification is central to Operating System-directed configuration and Power Management (OSPM); a term used to describe a system implementing ACPI. Removes device management responsibilities from legacy firmware interfaces. Standard was originally developed by Intel, Microsoft, and Toshiba, and last published as "Revision 4.0", in June 2009. Managing Active Power Windows 7 changes frequency as needed to meet performance needs, minimize power Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology Referred to as processor P-States PCU tunes voltage for given frequency, operating conditions, and silicon characteristics PCU automatically optimizes operating voltage Processor Power Control Unit Vcc BCLK Core PLL Vcc Freq. Sensors PLL Core Vcc Freq. Sensors PLL Core PCU Vcc Freq. Sensors PLL Core Uncore , LLC Vcc Freq. Sensors PLL Integrated proprietary microcontroller Shifts control from hardware to embedded firmware Real time sensors for temperature, current, power Flexibility enables sophisticated algorithms, tuned for current operating conditions PowerNow!™ Dashboard PowerTOP For Open Solaris Understanding Processor States: Intel Deep Power Down Technology (DPD) (DPD) is the latest & lowest possible Processor power state. Referred to as “C6” State. In this mode The processor flushes and disables L2 cache Saves the state of each core into on-die SRAM memory. Then lowers core voltage close to 0 Volt. Thermal Design Power of dual-core mobile CPUs in this state is 0.3 Watt. Intel Deep Power Down (DPD) The process of waking up the CPU from DPD mode is initiated by a chipset. The chipset signals VRM to increase core voltage. The CPU's internal clock is activated and wakes up the CPU. The CPU in its turn resets internal state, restores previously stored state from on-die SRAM, and enables L2 cache. Deep Power Down mode was first introduced in Intel Penryn core. Understanding Processor Power States Mode C0 C1 C1E C1E C2 C2 C2E Name What it does Operating State CPU fully turned on Stops CPU main internal clocks via software; Halt bus interface unit and APIC are kept running at full speed. Stops CPU main internal clocks via software Enhanced Halt and reduces CPU voltage; bus interface unit and APIC are kept running at full speed. — Stops all CPU internal clocks. Stops CPU main internal clocks via hardware; Stop Grant bus interface unit and APIC are kept running at full speed. Stops CPU internal and external clocks via Stop Clock hardware Stops CPU main internal clocks via hardware Extended Stop and reduces CPU voltage; bus interface unit Grant and APIC are kept running at full speed. C3 Sleep C3 Deep Sleep C3 C4 C4E/C5 C6 Stops all CPU internal clocks Stops all CPU internal and external clocks CPUs All CPUs 486DX4 and above All socket 775 CPUs Turion 64, 65-nm Athlon X2 and Phenom CPUs 486DX4 and above Only 486DX4, Pentium, Pentium MMX, K5, K6, K6-2, K6-III Core 2 Duo and above (Intel only) Pentium II, Athlon and above, but not on Core 2 Duo E4000 and E6000 Pentium II and above, but not on Core 2 Duo E4000 and E6000; Turion 64 Stops all CPU internal clocks and reduces CPU AMD Turion 64 voltage Pentium M and above, but not on Core 2 Duo E4000 Deeper Sleep Reduces CPU voltage and E6000 series; AMD Turion 64 Enhanced Deeper Reduces CPU voltage even more and turns off Core Solo, Core Duo and 45-nm mobile Core 2 Duo only Sleep the memory cache Reduces the CPU internal voltage to any value, Deep Power Down 45-nm mobile Core 2 Duo only including 0 V AltVID Intel® Core™ Microarchitecture Package C-State Support Example Core power to ~0 Cores (x N) All cores in C6 state: Active CPU Power Core Clocks and Logic Core Clock Distribution Core Leakage Uncore Logic I/O Uncore Clock Distribution Uncore Leakage Intel® Core™ Microarchitecture (Nehalem) Package C-State Support Example All cores in C6 state: Active CPU Power Core power to ~0 Package to C6 state: Uncore logic stops toggling Uncore Logic I/O Uncore Clock Distribution Uncore Leakage Intel® Core™ Microarchitecture Package C-State Support Example All cores in C6 state: Active CPU Power Core power to ~0 Package to C6 state: Uncore logic stops toggling I/O to lower power state I/O Uncore Clock Distribution Uncore Leakage Intel® Core™ Microarchitecture Package C-State Support Example All cores in C6 state: Active CPU Power Core power to ~0 Package to C6 state: Uncore logic stops toggling I/O to lower power state Uncore clock grids stopped Substantial reduction in idle CPU power I/O Uncore Clock Distribution Uncore Leakage C6 on Intel® Core™ Microarchitecture C6 on Intel® Core™ Microarchitecture (Nehalem) Core Power Cores 0, 1, 2, and 3 running applications. Core 3 0 Core 2 0 Core 1 0 Core 0 0 Time C6 on Intel® Core™ Microarchitecture (Nehalem) Core Power Task completes. No work waiting. OS executes MWAIT(C6) instruction. Core 3 0 Core 2 0 Core 1 0 Core 0 0 Time C6 on Intel® Core™ Microarchitecture (Nehalem) Core Power 0 Execution stops. Core architectural state saved. Core clocks stopped. Cores 0, 1, and 3 continue execution undisturbed. Core 3 Core 2 0 Core 1 0 Core 0 0 Time C6 on Intel® Core™ Microarchitecture (Nehalem)} Core Power Core power gate turned off. Core voltage goes to 0. Cores 0, 1, and 3 continue execution undisturbed. Core 3 0 Core 2 0 Core 1 0 Core 0 0 Time C6 on Intel® Core™ Microarchitecture (Nehalem) Core Power Core 3 0 Core 2 0 0 Task completes. No work waiting. OS executes MWAIT(C6) instruction. Core 0 enters C6. Cores 1 and 3 continue execution undisturbed. Core 1 Core 0 0 Time C6 on Intel® Core™ Microarchitecture (Nehalem) Core Power 0 Interrupt for Core 2 arrives. Core 2 returns to C0, execution resumes at instruction following MWAIT(C6). Cores 1 and 3 continue execution undisturbed. Core 3 Core 2 0 Core 1 0 Core 0 0 Time C6 on Intel® Core™ Microarchitecture (Nehalem) Core Power Core 3 0 0 0 Interrupt for Core 0 arrives. Power gate turns on, core clock turns on, core state restored, core resumes execution at instruction following MWAIT(C6). Cores 1, 2, and 3 continue execution undisturbed. Core 2 Core 1 Core 0 0 Time Core independent C6 on Intel Core Microarchitecture (Nehalem) Controlling Sleep States C State Example ACPI & On Now Example Windows Server 2008 R2 Core Parking Windows Server has added additional support which: Schedules virtual machines on a single server for density as opposed to dispersion This allows “park/sleep” cores by putting them in deep C states Benefits Enhances Green IT by reducing CPU power consumption Windows Server 2008 16 LP Server Windows Server 2008 R2 Core Parking 16 LP Server Estimated ROI (University of Plymouth) Windows 7 Power Efficiency Idle Power Management Active Power Management New Self Diagnostics Always Available Improved Local & Remote Management New Windows 7 Power Improvements Include: Reduced Power Consumption Idle Resource Utilization Trigger Start Services Enhanced Processor Power Management Timer Coalescing Device Power Management Adaptive Display Brightness Low-Power Audio Bluetooth Power Improvements And There’s More: Networking Power Improvements Enhanced User Experiences Greater Enterprise Power Management Power Efficiency Diagnostics Group Policy Windows Management Instrumentation Power Policy Frequent Idle Activity Specific Windows 7 improvements Eliminate TCP DPC (Differential Power Comparison) timer on every system timer interrupt Reduce frequency of USB driver maintenance timers Intelligent Timer Tick Distribution (ITTD) Timer Coalescing Goal = Eliminate idle activity in drivers and applications Target average idle period greater than 100ms Timer Coalescing Platform energy efficiency can be improved by extending idle periods New timer coalescing API enables callers to specify a tolerance for due time Enables the kernel to expire multiple timers at the same time Extensions should integrate with Windows 7 API/DDI Power Architecture Managing Background Processes System Management Device management Windows Service Control Manager (SCM) System Maintenance Windows Task Scheduler Services and the Service Control Manager Starts and stops services. Managing services that are running. Maintaining service-related state information. Services can either be Running Stopped Paused The SCM can also notify a service when the machine is entering a sleep state. Service Control Manager (SCM) Device connect trigger Service 1 IP address trigger Domain trigger Subscribed to start on Device Connect trigger Service 2 Group Policy (GP) trigger Subscribed to start on Domain join trigger, Stop on Domain disjoin trigger, and Start on GP trigger service 1 Custom trigger Subscribed to start on Device Connect trigger Optimizing Services Windows Task Scheduler The Task Scheduler: Maintains a database of installed tasks Starts and stops tasks. Manages running tasks. Maintains task-related state information. Tasks can be: Ready - Running – Queued - Disabled Windows Task Scheduler – Optimization Triggers start services allow background processes to start on demand. The following can improve system efficiency, power consumption, and user experience. Idle Condition Setting enables a task to run whenever the system is not actively in use by a user. Power Condition Specifies that the task should be run only when the system is running on AC power Windows 7 Trigger-Start Services Many services were configured to Autostart and wait for rare events UBPM enables Trigger-Start services based on environmental changes (On Demand) Device arrival/removal, IP address change, domain join, etc. Examples Bluetooth service is started only if a Bluetooth radio is currently attached BitLocker encryption service started only when new volumes detected Upbm...huh, What that? The ubpm.dll is a Unified Background Process Manager DLL. Controlling Triggers Methods of starting triggers include the SC Command or through Task Scheduler. sc qtriggerinfo <SERVICENAME> Configuring a service to trigger-start when the computer acquires its first IP address is similarly easy: sc triggerinfo <SERVICENAME> start/networkon Trigger Service Bluetooth Example! The BTHSERV (Bluetooth) Service Dynamically Starts when a Bluetooth device is Started. Some Trigger-Start Services In Windows 7 Service Name Description Trigger Type AELookupSvc Processes application compatibility cache requests for applications as they are launched Custom ETW BDESVC Provides BitLocker client services for user interface and auto-unlocking of data volumes Custom ETW BTHSERV The Bluetooth service supports discovery and association of remote Bluetooth devices. Device SensorsMTPMonitor Monitors MTP (Media Transfer Protocol) sensors (such as a cell phone with a GPS receiver) to communicate sensor data to programs Device TabletInputService Enables Tablet PC pen and ink functionality Device WinDefend Protection against spyware and potentially unwanted software Group Policy Trigger Start Services Tip: Optimize with Processor Affinity Adaptive Display Brightness Ambient light sensors detect changes in ambient light and adjust the display brightness. If service is disabled, display brightness will not adapt to lighting conditions. If monitor does not contain a light sensor, service can be default state of Manual or Disabled. Service Name (registry): SensrSvc Device Power Management Adaptive display brightness Dim the mobile PC display after a period of user inactivity Intelligent policy—timeout automatically adjusts with user input Does not interfere with presentations, full-screen media playback Processor power management Updates to core performance state algorithm Core parking Device Power Management Audio Support for the latest Intel HD Audio low-power specifications USB audio class selective suspend Bluetooth Radio enters selective suspend when connections are in sniff mode Wired LAN runtime idle detection NIC automatically enters D3 when media is disconnected Power Policy Enhancements Iterative evolution of Vista power policy Continue 3 plans: Improved User Interface elements New power settings for Windows 7 features Small changes to idle timeout defaults OEMs must continue to tailor policy for specific platforms E.g., meet regulatory compliance standards New Windows 7 Power Policies Name GUID Description Unattended sleep timeout 7bc4a2f9-d8fc-4469b07b-33eb785aaca0 Determines the amount of inactivity time before the system automatically sleeps if the computer resumed without a user present System cooling policy 94d3a615-a899-4ac5ae2b-e4d8f634367f Determines if Active or Passive cooling should be favored for thermal zones Reserve battery level f3c5027d-cd16-4930aa6b-90db844a8f00 Configures the percentage of battery capacity remaining before displaying the reserve battery warning AHCI link power mode 0b2d69d7-a2a1-449c9680-f91c70521c60 Configures AHCI link power modes (HIPM, DIPM) and link power states (Partial, Slumber, Active) Allow System Required Policy a4b195f5-8225-47d88012-9d41369786e2 Enable applications to prevent the system from idling to sleep Dim Display After 17aaa29b-8b43-4b94aafe-35f64daaf1ee Determines the amount of inactivity time before the system automatically reduces the brightness of the display on a mobile PC Default (Balanced) AC DC 2 minutes 2 minutes Active Active n/a 7% HIPM, Partial HIPM, Slumber Enabled Enabled 5 minutes 2 minutes Power WMI Provider Enables power policy configuration through standard WMI interface Change power setting values Activate a given plan To get started… Change a power setting: Win32_PowerSetting Activate a plan: Win32_Plan.Activate() method Wake Timers Opportunity to improve mobile PC experience by reducing spurious wake events E.g., system wakes up in bag due to application request, remains on, drains battery Windows 7 mobile PCs will not program wake timer alarm by default Excludes doze to hibernate Wake timers continue to be enabled by default on desktop systems Power policy control to configure wake timers Improved Low Battery Experience Idle Detection Windows 7 is aggressive about placing the system in sleep when idle User input and application availability requests only Availability requests allow applications to request temporary overrides on power management Media center recording service prevents idle to sleep when recording TV Windows Media Player prevents display from turning off while watching DVD Presentation Mode Idle Detection Windows 7 improves failed idle detection diagnostics Use PowerCfg utility to inspect for requests PowerCfg /REQUESTS Network file sharing Open files in a client-side cache (offline files) will not prevent the client from sleeping Policy override capability Option to override individual availability requests Option to override all availability requests Idle detection will be based solely on user input Idle Detection Diagnostics Power Efficiency Diagnostics Designed to evaluate problems when the system is idle Close open applications and documents “PowerCfg /ENERGY” at the command line to start tracing Included with Windows 7 only Leverages new inbox ETW instrumentation Advanced users can run utility and view HTML output Automatically executed when the system is idle Reports data to Microsoft via Customer Experience Improvement Program (CEIP) Power Efficiency Diagnostics PowerCfg utility detects energy efficiency problems: USB device selective suspend Processor Power Management (PPM) Inefficient power policy settings Platform timer resolution Platform firmware problems … and others Helps detect major problems at time of system integration HTML Output can be viewed by End Users “PowerCfg /ENERGY” at the command line to start tracing Windows 7 only—leverages new inbox ETW* instrumentation *Event Tracing for Windows (Xperf) Power Efficiency Diagnostics Powercfg.exe Power Efficiency Diagnostics Problem Area USB Device Selective Suspend Power Policy Settings Processor Utilization Data Collected Individual device suspend transitions % of time device was in suspend state Idle timeouts (dim, display, sleep) PPM configuration Power plan personality 802.11 Wireless Power Save Overall utilization Per-process utilization (any process over .1%) Top 3 module utilization in each process Warning Threshold Error Threshold < 80% suspend time < 50% suspend time Idle timeouts < EnergyStar 4.0 Recommendations Idle timeouts disabled Total utilization >2% Total utilization > 4% Power Efficiency Diagnostics Problem Area Data Collected Warning Threshold Error Threshold Timer Resolution Requests Current system timer interrupt period (e.g., 15.6ms) Applications with outstanding timer requests, request amount None Timer interrupt period < 15.6ms Power Requests Applications with outstanding power requests (Display, Sleep, Away Mode) None Each outstanding power request Sleep state availability Display dimming capability Firmware validation problems PCI Express ASPM status None If any capability is disabled or missing (Last Full Charge Capacity/Designed Capacity) < 50% (Last Full Charge Capacity/Designed Capacity) < 40% Platform Capabilities Battery Capacity Battery static data (make, model, serial number, manufacture date) Last full charge capacity/design capacity Windows 7 Group Policies Group Policy Power Settings Windows 7 Vs Windows Vista “In a demonstration of two identically configured ThinkPads T400s, Intel and Microsoft claimed that a Windows XP SP2 machine consumed on average 20.2 watts, while the Windows 7 machine consumed 15.4 watts. That translated to about 1.4 hours of additional battery life”. PC Magazine September 2009 Review: The Need for Green! Processor Developments inc Core Parking Technology Windows Power Management Architecture Using Trigger Start Services, Idle Resource Utilisation, Timer Coalescing Enhanced Power Managements Features: Adaptive display Brightness, Low Power Audio, Bluetooth & Network power Enhancements. Enhancing Notebook & Net book Battery Life Playback Pipeline scaling Using Group Policies to configure Power & Performance settings. Power Efficiency Diagnostics: Using PowerCFG.exe Drilldown. Conclusions & Q&A Thanks for Attending! Andy Malone MVP, MCT CEO / Consultant Quality Training (Scotland) Ltd & Dive Deeper Technology Events EMEA [email protected] Resources www.microsoft.com/teched www.microsoft.com/learning Sessions On-Demand & Community Microsoft Certification & Training Resources http://microsoft.com/technet http://microsoft.com/msdn Resources for IT Professionals Resources for Developers Complete an evaluation on CommNet and enter to win an Xbox 360 Elite! © 2009 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.