Download Respiratory system

Respiratory system
1.Nose
•The nose consist of septum that
separate the nose in to two
halves(nasal septum)
•the nose consist of 2 cavities
•The anterior opening of the nose
is NOSTRILE ,,we have 2
nostriles
1.Nose
*nasal vestibule >> consist of stratified
squamous epithelium nonkeratinized with coarse
hair ,, to trap the dust and insects
*Posterior opening >> choana
*on the lateral wall we find projections called
CONCHE (
We have superior, Medill and inferior concha
*meatus >> the groove between the concha
,,we have superior, middle and inferior meatus
1.Nose
*Olfactory region >>at the roof of the
nose ,,consist of refractory epithelium
*The function of Olfactory region is
smelling
*when you have anosmia because of flu ,,
this region becomes dry ,,and your smelling
will affected
•Hard and soft
palate
2.Pharynx
•The pharynx length is 15 cm
•Extended from the base of the skull to c6
vertebrae
•Tubal opening or octacaine tube or
auditory tube >>the beginning of the
pharynx(connect the nasopharynx with the
middle ear)
•The pharynx divided to :
•1.nasopharynx
•2.oropharynx
•3.laryngeopharynx
2.Pharynx
•Pharyngeal tensile >>in the nasopharynx
•Palatine tensile >> in the oropharynx
3.Larynx(voice box)
•The function of larynx is phonation
•Consist of 9 cartilages(hyaline + elastic)
• the length is 5 cm
•Extended from c3 to c6 vertebrae(from the
larynx inlet to the c3
•Consist of TRUE VOCAL CORD >>white
in color because it is a vascular and consist of
stratified squamous epithelium keratinized
•FALSE VOCAL CORD>> red in color
because it is vascular
•Between the false and true vocal corda we
have ventricle
The vocal cords in male are thicker and longer than the
female
Posterior of the larynx we have pharynx( laryngopharynx)
3.larynx
The epiglottis consist of •
1.Elastic cartilage •
2.Thyroid cartilage(Adams apple) •
4.trachea
•About 13 cm length
•Consist of 20C_ shaped cartilage
•Start from cricoid cartilage
•Defected posteriorly and replace by
TRACHEALIS smooth muscle ,, it help us
to swallow the food
•Behind the trachea we have the esophagus
•CARINA >>it is the end of trachea in
internal medial cartilage ,,where the trachea
divided in to left and right bronchi in the
lung
5.Bronchial tree
The trachea divided in the lung in to
*Primary bronchi >>conducting (has
.1cartilage)
*secondary bronchi >>conducting (has
.2cartilage)
.3*Tertiary bronchi conducting (has cartilage)
4.*bronchioles >> (for gas exchange) there is
no cartilage in it
5 respiratory bronchioles >>which divided to
.alveolus (for gas exchange)
6. The lungs
Surfaces of the lung :
1.Sternocosatal or costal surface(anterior)
2.Posterior surface
3.Diaphragmetic surface (base)
4.Mediastinal surface
Border of the lung
1.Anterior (narrow)
2.Posterior (broader)
3. Inferior (narrow)
•Right lung consist of 3 lobs and two
fishers >> horizontal fisher divided the
lung to superior and inferior lobe and the
oblique fisher divided the right lung to
middle and inferior fisher
•Left lung consist of 2 lobes and one
oblique fisher that divide the left lung
to superior and inferior lobes
•The right lung is shorter ,wider and
heavier
•The left lung is smaller, taller and
narrower
•In the left lung we have cardiac
notch
The hilum
•In the right and left lung we find
the hilum ,, it is close to the middle
part of the lung from the
MEDISTINAL
•The blood vessels and the nerves
inter the lung by hilum