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Recent advances in treatment of advanced lung cancer, TB infection and critical care of medicine. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in Taiwan and worldwide. For characteristics of lung cancers with highly invasive ability, early metastasis and chemoresistance, the overall prognosis of lung cancer poor with an overall 5-year survival rate less than 15%. Chemotherapy was the standard treatment for patients with advanced disease and good performance status in the past decades. The response rate of platinum-based regimens provided an overall response rate around 30-40% and median survival time around 10 months. The benefits provided by chemotherapy is not satisfied by patients also physicians. In the early 21th century, epidermoid growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) were applied in treating non-small cell lung cancer patients. Adenocarcinoma, female and non-smoker were more likely response to this kind of drug. The key factor decided whether patient will respond to EGFR TKIs or not is the existence of certain mutations between EGFR exon 19 to 21 such as exon 19 deletions or L858R point mutation. The response rate as high as 70-80% and progression free survival over 10 month were remarkable in these patients treated by EGFR TKIs. The EGFR-TKI has been suggested as the first-line treatment in patients with lung adenocarcinoma harboring sensitizing mutations in Taiwan. However, resistance happens after a mean time 10-12 months of treatment. The third general generation of EGFR-TKIs have showed good results in treating patients with acquired resistance of T790M mutation. Immunotherapies are also the emerging therapeutic strategies in lung cancer. Anti-MUCI vaccine, anti-CTLA-4, PD-1, PDL-1 monoclonal antibodies are all under the clinical trials with promising results. Some checkpoint immunotherapies have already proved by FDA for treating lung cancer. In this symposium, we will review the recent advances in treatments of lung cancers and also TB infection and critical care of medicine.