Download Biology is the only subject in which multiplication is the same thing

Mitosis
EQ: What is the result of cell
reproduction?
AP Biology
2007-2008
Biology is the only subject in
which multiplication is the
same thing as division…
AP Biology
2007-2008
Overview of mitosis
interphase
prophase
I.P.M.A.T.
(pro-metaphase)
cytokinesis
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metaphase
anaphase
telophase
What is Mitosis?
Parent Cell
DNA condenses
into chromosomes
1) Process of eukaryotic
cell reproduction
2) Nucleus divides to
form 2 separate,
identical nuclei
Chromosomes
align in center
Chromosomes
separate
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DNA uncoils;
cytoplasm divides
ACTGGTCAGGCAATGTC
Organizing DNA
 DNA is organized in
chromosomes
DNA wrapped around
proteins
DNA-protein complex =
chromatin
DNA
histones
chromatin
double stranded chromosome
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double-stranded
mitotic human
chromosomes
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Mitotic Chromosome
 After DNA replication:
2 sister chromatids
narrow at centromeres
contain identical
copies of original DNA
homologous
chromosomes
homologous
chromosomes
single-stranded
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sister chromatids
double-stranded
homologous = “same information”
Interphase
 90% of cell life cycle (G1, S, G2)
cell doing its “everyday job”
 produce RNA, synthesize proteins/enzymes
prepares for duplication if triggered
I’m working here!
Time to divide
& multiply!
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Interphase
 Nucleus well-defined
DNA loosely packed
in long chromatin
fibers
 Prepares for mitosis
replicates
chromosomes
produces proteins &
organelles
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Mitosis
 Dividing cell’s DNA between
2 daughter nuclei
“dance of the chromosomes”
 4 phases (PMAT)
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
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Table Discussion
Why does a cell spend the
majority of its life in
Interphase?
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green = key features
Prophase
 Chromatin condenses into visible
chromosomes called chromatids
 Centrioles move to opposite
poles of cell
 Spindle fibers start to stretch
across the cell
 Nuclear membrane breaks down
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green = key features
Metaphase
 Chromosomes align
along middle of cell
(metaphase plate)
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green = key features
Anaphase
 Sister chromatids separate
apart to become individual
chromosomes
move to opposite poles
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Telophase
 Chromosomes arrive at
opposite poles
 New nuclei form
 Cell cleavage visible
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Cytokinesis
 Cytoplasm splits, creating
two new daughter cells
Animal cells:
Cleavage is seen
(indention in cell
membrane)
Plant cells: Cell
plate formation
occurs
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Cytokinesis
the final stage of eukaryotic cell
reproduction/division
The cytoplasm divides:
 Animal cells: Cleavage is
seen (indention in cell
membrane)
 Plant cells: Cell plate
formation occurs
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Table Discussion
How is mitosis
different from
cytokinesis?
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Mitosis in animal cells
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Mitosis in Plant Cell
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Mitosis in plant cell
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onion root tip
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