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Unit 11 – Renaissance & Reformation
Practice Questions
____ 1. What was one reason that some Italian cities developed into major commercial
and cultural centers during the 13th and 14th centuries
a. unified central government
b. isolationist economic policies
c. geographic location
d. system of social equality
____ 2. A major reason that the Renaissance began in Italy was that
a. Italian city-states had grown wealthy from trade between Europe and Asia
b. farmers produced great agricultural surpluses on vast plains
c. merchants supported the Green Revolution
d. many European scholars had migrated to this Area
____ 3. The revival of Greek and Roman culture, the economic growth of Italian citystates in the 1400s, and the development of humanism were aspects of the
a. Age of Revolutions
b. Protestant Reformation
c. spread of Islam
d. European Renaissance
____ 4. One major characteristic of the Renaissance period is that the
a. Catholic Church no longer had any influence in Europe
b. manor became the center of economic activity
c. classical cultures of Greece and Rome were revived and imitated
d. major language of the people became Latin
• Leonardo DaVinci used movement and perspective in his work.
• Machiavelli’s The Prince advised rulers on how to gain and maintain power.
• Humanist scholars examined worldly subjects and classical culture.
____ 5. Which period is associated with these statements?
a. French Revolution
b. Early Middle Ages
c. Renaissance
d. Enlightenment
____ 6. What was a major characteristic of the Renaissance in Europe?
a. Secular achievements were emphasized.
b. Suffrage was granted to men and women
c. Most literature was written in Arabic.
d. Most ancient Greek and Roman ideas were rejected.
____ 7. Which characteristic was common to the Golden Age of Greece and the Italian
Renaissance?
a. a strong military led to national unity
b. written constitutions led to the establishment of democratic governments
c. prosperity led to the creation of many works of art
d. political instability led directly to the formation of unified nation-states
____ 8. The Renaissance in western Europe is best described as a period marked by
a. unquestioned reliance on the teachings of Aristotle
b. an advance of Muslim culture
c. Christian unity throughout the region
d. great intellectual and artistic creativity
____ 9. In Europe, a major characteristic of humanism was
a. a belief in the supremacy of the state in relation to individual rights
b. a rejection of ancient civilizations and their cultures
c. an emphasis on social control and obedience to national rulers
d. an appreciation for the basic worth of individual achievement
____ 10. Which statement best describes a characteristic of the Renaissance in Europe?
a. the social structure became very rigid
b. creativity in the arts was encouraged
c. the political structure was similar to that of the Roman Empire
d. humanism decreased in importance
____ 11. European society during the Renaissance differed from European society during
the Middle Ages in that during the Renaissance
a. the Church was no longer influential
b. the emphasis on individual worth increased
c. economic activity declined
d. art no longer contained religious themes
____12. Which statement describes a direct effect of the Renaissance on Western
Europe?
a. the philosophy of humanism brought about a decrease in the power of the Roman
Catholic Church
b. art began to reflect an increased emphasis on religious themes
c. nationalistic movements among the minority ethnic groups in the region declines
d. the feudal system was developed to provide stability in a decentralized political
structure
____ 13. Which was a major characteristic of the Renaissance?
a. conformity
b. humanism
c. mysticism
d. obedience
____ 14. Humanism during the Italian Renaissance was focused on
a. the affairs of the church
b. self-sufficiency
c. the importance of the individual
d. political theories
____ 15. In the Renaissance period, which factor was emphasized by the philosophy of
humanism?
a. superiority of medieval thought
b. devotion to religion
c. value of the individual
d. obedience to government officials
____ 16. One way Martin Luther, John Calvin, and Henry VIII were similar is that they
all were
a. Latin American revolutionary leaders
b. Reformation leaders
c. Impressionist painters
d. divine right monarchs
____ 17. In the early 1500s, Martin Luther’s “Ninety-five Theses,” Henry VIII’s “Act of
Supremacy,” and John Calvin’s Institutes of the Christian Religion contributed to
a. a decline in the power of the Catholic Church
b. an increased sense of nationalism in Tudor England
c. the growing power of the feudal nobility in Europe
d. a major conflict among Eastern Orthodox Christians
• Literacy rates rise.
• Shakespeare’s sonnets circulated.
• Secular ideas spread.
____ 18. Which innovation led directly to these developments?
a. printing press
b. paper currency
c. astrolabe
d. caravel
___ 19. Which individual’s work had the greatest impact on the spread of Martin
Luther’s ideas?
a. Galileo Galilei
b. Niccolò Machiavelli
c. William Shakespeare
d. Johannes Gutenberg
____ 20. Which change to Christian church practice was suggested by Martin Luther?
a. increasing the sale of indulgences
b. installing statues of saints in churches
c. saying the mass in Latin so the faithful would learn it
d. printing the Bible in the vernacular so all could read it
____ 21. An important effect of the Protestant Reformation in Europe was that it
strengthened the
a. power of monarchies
b. power of the pope
c. belief in polytheism
d. unity of Europe
“. . . Therefore those preachers of indulgences are in error, who say that by the pope’s
indulgences a man is freed from every penalty, and saved; . . .”
— Martin Luther
____ 22. Which period in European history is most directly related to this statement?
a. Age of Exploration
b. Scientific Revolution
c. Crusades
d. Protestant Reformation
____ 23. What was one cause of the Protestant Reformation?
a. revolt by the Moors in Spain
b. passage of the Act of Supremacy in England
c. call for the Council of Trent by Pope Paul III
d. corruption among high officials of the Catholic Church
____ 24. During the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment, one similarity in the
work of many scientists and philosophers was that they
a. relied heavily on the ideas of medieval thinkers
b. favored an absolute monarchy as a way of improving economic conditions
c. received support from the Catholic Church
d. examined natural laws governing the universe
____ 25. Which statement best describes the effects of the works of Nicolaus Copernicus,
Galileo Galilei, Sir Isaac Newton, and René Descartes?
a. The acceptance of traditional authority was strengthened.
b. The scientific method was used to solve problems.
c. Funding to education was increased by the English government.
d. Interest in Greek and Roman drama was renewed.