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Friday, February 5, 2016 TURN IN CARDIOVASCULAR WORKSHEET IN BLUE BASKET. GET OUT BLOOD WORKSHEET, A SHEET OF PAPER & SOMETHING TO WRITE WITH. GET A HIGHLIGHTER LEQS (COPY THESE DOWN) • What are the components of blood? • How does the blood transport materials through the body? • What are the steps of hemostasis? • How does blood coagulate? • Why would someone have a negative reaction if they were to receive a blood transfusion of an incompatible blood type? BLOOD As we go through these notes, if you have it in your blood worksheet, highlight it. If not, copy it down. FUNCTION • Transport (nutrients, O2, waste, hormones) • Help maintain stability of interstitial fluid • Distributes heat • Overall, helps to maintain homeostasis PARTS • Is a type of connective tissue • Formed elements / Hematocrit (HCT): white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets • Liquid portion: plasma (mix of H2O, amino acids, proteins, carbs, lipids, vitamins, hormones, electrolytes, and cellular wastes) BLOOD IN A CENTRIFUGE • Separates into 3 parts • Top = liquid plasma • Middle = “Buffy coat” (WBCs & platelets) • Bottom = RBCs RED BLOOD CELLS RBC or erythrocytes Contain O2-carrying hemoglobin RBC count (RBCC or RCC) males = 4.6 – 6.2 million / mm3; female = 4.2 – 5.4 million / mm3 Produced in the bone marrow Live about 120 days Iron required to produce hemoglobin & normal RBCs Anemia = lack of RBC or hemoglobin WHITE BLOOD CELLS WBC or leukocytes Function: protect against infection by phagocytizing bacterial cells or producing antibodies 5 types 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Neutrophils Basophils Eosinophil Monocytes lymphocytes WBC CONT’D Granulocytes = neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils; develop in red bone marrow, only live about 12 hrs Agranulocytes = monocytes & lymphocytes; develop in lymph system and bone marrow Counts: (WBCC or WCC) 5,000-10,000 / mm3; Above 10,000 / mm3 = leukocytosis; indicates acute infection Below 5,000 / mm3 = leukopenia; accompanies certain disease like measels, mumps or AIDS PLATELETS • aka thrombocytes • Formed in bone marrow • 10 day life span • Count 130, 000 – 360, 000 / mm3 • Help form blood clots PLASMA Clear, straw colored 92% H2O Proteins = albumins, globulins & fibronegen Gases = O2, C O2 & N Nutrients = amino acids, simple sugars, nucleotides, lipids (combine w/ protein to form lipoprotein) Nonprotein nitrogenous substances = contain N but aren’t proteins; amino acids, urea, uric acid Electrolytes = NA, K, Ca, Mg, chloride, bicarbonate, phosphate, sulfate HEMOSTASIS • Stopping of bleeding by blood vessel spasm, platelet plug formation then coagulation • Thrombus = abnormal blood clot • Embolus = blood clot that moves through the vessel BLOOD GROUPS A = only antigen A; antibody anti-B B = only antigen B; antibody anti-A AB = both antigen A & B; neither antibody O = neither antigen A nor B; both anti-A and anti-B antibody Type O = universal donor Type AB = universal recipient Rh group: Rh- blood will react negatively (after initial exposure) to Rh+ blood IF YOU GET THE WRONG BLOOD TYPE IN A TRANSFUSION… Symptoms Should a reaction occur, you would normally experience symptoms within a few minutes of receiving a transfusion. These may include: a strong feeling that something bad is about to happen fever and chills breathing difficulties muscle aches feeling nauseous chest pains, abdominal pain or back pain pain where the transfusion line is inserted blood in your urine Jaundice http://www.healthline.com/health/abo-incompatibility#CausesandRiskFactors3 30 MINUTES TO WORK • work on other worksheet (p. 204, 209) • Also, make sure you have your heart & blood vessel diagrams labeled & with you on Thursday. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Notes Part 1 BASICS • Cardiovascular system is composed of the heart and blood vessels • Cardio- = heart • -vascular = refers to the blood vessels • Basic path: arteries – arterioles – capillaries – venules - veins PULMONARY CIRCUIT •Sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs to get O2 and get rid of CO2 SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT •Sends O2 rich blood and nutrients all over body •Removes wastes STRUCTURE OF HEART • Hollow, cone-shaped, muscular pump • In thoracic cavity, on top of the diaphragm • Size: approx. 14 cm long by 9 cm wide • Pericardium = covering around heart • Heart wall = epicardium (outer layer); myocardium (muscular middle layer); endocardium (inner layer) MONDAY, FEBRUARY 8, 2016 • turn in worksheet pgs. 204, 209 in blue basket • get a text book • get out paper and something to write with CURRENT LEQS • What path does blood take through the heart and body? • What are the differences and similarities in the functions of the systemic system, pulmonary system, hepatic portal, and coronary circulation? • What are the components of an ECG? READ PGS. 362-366 1. What are the layers of the heart from outer-most to innermost? 2. What is the difference between atria and ventricles in terms of location, structure and function? 3. Starting with the vena cava, what is the path of blood through the heart? Include the trip to the lungs, blood vessels & specific valves. CHAMBERS • 2 atria on top; thin walls; receive blood • 2 ventricles on bottom; thicker walls; pumps blood out into arteries • Septum; wall that separates left and right sides VALVES • Function: to ensure one-way blood flow • AV (atrioventricular) valves: tricuspid & mitral • Tricuspid: on right, 3 cusps (flaps) • Mitral: on left, a.k.a. bicuspid; only 2 cusps • Pulmonary valve: between right ventricle and pulmonary artery; 3 cusps • Aortic valve: at base of aorta and top of left ventricle; 3 cusps BLOOD SUPPLY • Coronary arteries: 1st 2 branches of aorta; provide for the capillaries of the myocardium • Cardiac veins: remove blood from myocardial capillaries • Coronary sinus: empties into right atrium CARDIAC CYCLE • Systole = contraction • Diastole = relaxation • Cycle = atrial systole / ventricular diastole – ventricular systole / atrial diastole – both relax; equals a complete heart beat • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uR4t__B-Zwg HEART SOUNDS • Through a stethoscope sounds like “lubb – dupp” • Lubb = ventricular contraction; AV valves closing • Dupp = ventricular relaxation pulmonary & aortic valves closing • Murmur = abnormal heart sounds FUNCTIONAL SYNCYTIUM •Mass of merging cells that function as a unit •Atrial walls and ventricular walls PREP FOR PULSE LAB