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Chapter 3 section 2 reg
The Mauryan Dynasty
This is the first Indian dynasty and it came about due to constant invasion from the Persians/
Greeks/ Macedonians
Founding of the Mauryan Dynasty
Chandragupta Maurya was the founder, he had provinces with governors/ large army/ secret
police, was afraid of assassination never slept two nights in same bed
Reign of Asoka
Asoka was the greatest ruler, expanded trade, was a Buddhist, the dynasty ended in 183bc when
a military commander assassinated the king
Kushan Kingdom & Silk Road
Silk Road is the trade between China & Rome, Chinese traded silk/ spices/ teas/ porcelain
Romans traded linen cloth/ glass/ precious stone Indian traded ivory/ textiles/ precious stones
Kingdom of Guptas
Samudragupta expanded the empire and was a great leader, Neve involved in trade which was
managed by the Gupta rulers who owned silver and gold mines, Huns invaded and weakened
their power
Indian Culture
Literature
Vedas were first works of literature and were religious stories, Epics Mahabharata & Ramayana
told of legendary warriors, Mahabharata is the longest poem in history
Architecture
Pillar/ Stupa/ Rock Chamber
Science & Math
Realized earth revolved around sun and rotated on it’s axis, introduced the concept of zero
Chapter 3 Section 3 part one
Geography of China
Mountains & Deserts isolate China from other parts of Asia, 10% of the land in China is suitable
for farming
The Shang Dynasty 1750-1045bc
Xia dynasty was the first dynasty but it did not last long, Shang Dynasty was mostly a farming
society ruled by an aristocracy
Shang Political & Social Structure
King ruled from Anyang, they had territories run by warlords who were controlled by king,
Buried in royal tombs, Kings Aristocrats Few Merchants & Artisans Peasants Slaves
Shang Religion & Culture
Strong belief in afterlife, believed spirits of dead family members could bring good or evil, best
known for their bronze casting
Zhou Dynasty 1045-256
Took control of China because the Shang were accused of ‘ruining the morale of the nation’
Zhou political structure
Followed the same as the Shang
The mandate of Heaven
The Zhou leaders told people that they were in power because heaven made it so, The king had
to rule the proper way (Dao) this allowed people to overthrow a king they did not like
Fall of the Zhou
The trend that Chinese dynasties follow is Rise Decline Collapse, Zhou rulers began to
decline intellectually and morally, in 403bc civil war broke out beginning ‘period of warring
states’, the Qin invented the crossbow and won the war in 221bc to setup their dynasty
Life during the Zhou
Followed the Shang dynasty with wealthy land owners controlling everyone, peasants and slaves
worked their land, artisans and merchants lived in walled towns & were considered property of
the local lord
Zhou Economic & Technological Growth
Time of economic and technological growth, irrigation, iron plows, population grows to about 50
million due to farming advances and trade, most important good was SILK
Chapter 3 section 3 part 2
Family in Ancient China
Filial Deity every member in the household has a role that they know and follow, male
supremacy was important as he was responsible for supplying food for family, men worked
fields/ governed society/ warriors/ scholars/ government ministers
women raised children/
worked in home
The Chinese Written Language
Pictographs that represent the item they are describing
Chinese Philosophies
Three major philosophies rise during the Zhou Confucianism/ Daoism/ Legalism, while Indians
focused on freeing the human soul (reincarnation) the Chinese focused on creating a stable order
in the world
Confucianism
Confucius was the first Chinese teacher & he started as a political advisor, Upset at the violence
& moral decay of China so he began a campaign to get political leaders to change, While on this
campaign he got a group of followers who called him the great teacher, he lived in a time of
chaos when men-women-children were being beheaded, he focused on political and ethical
aspects not spiritual, believed in duty people had to subordinate their interest to those of their
families and community humanity a sense of compassion & empathy for others, he also
believed that the government should not be controlled solely by aristocrats but open to the public
and based on merit
Daoism
Teachings of Lao-Tzu a contemporary of Confucius, Ideas of the Dao are in the Te-Tao Ching,
they believe more in improving the self to help society as opposed to Confucianism which
focused on improving society over self
Legalism
Proposed humans were evil by nature, only could respond to harsh laws and punishment, a
strong ruler should create an orderly society, ruler did not have to show compassion to the needs
of the people his job was to create order
Chapter 3 Section 4
Qin Dynasty
Qin won the civil war, their ruler was Qin Shihuangdi at 13 years old
Changes under the Qin
Legalism was adopted as the official ideology, Those who opposed them were punished or
executed and teachings of other philosophies were burned, The Qin dynasty set-up a central
bureaucracy divided into three parts 1-civil division 2- military division 3- censorate which
checked on government officials, below the central bureaucracy were two local level
governments counties and provinces, at the lower level officials did not inherit their positions
but they were appointed by the emperor, officials found doing wrong were executed
Great Wall
Xiongnu mastered the art of fighting on horseback and were a constant pain to the Chinese’s
northern border, so the Qin built a wall that resembles the Great Wall of China
Fall of the Qin
When Shinhuangdi died his empire fell with him
Han Dynasty
Liu Bang was the founder
Political Structure
Confucianism returned as the main philosophy, they kept the other changes of the Qin like the
bureaucracy, The civil service exam was implemented and this appointed government positions
based on merit
Expansion of the Empire
They expanded the empire a lot (map on pg 101), when they finished expanding they had a long
period of peace
Society in the Han Empire
Peasants were forced to do military service and labor for up to a month, with the explosion in
population growth most people were only given an acre of land and this was barely enough to
survive
Technology in the Han Empire
Made progress in textile manufacturing/ water mills for grinding/ iron casting/ paper, invention
of the rudder &for-and-aff rigging allowed ships to sail into the wind, They were able to trade as
far as India and the Mediterranean
Fall of the Han Empire
Rulers became interested in pleasure & weakened the government, nobles were able to take
control of most of the land due to lack of strong government and this angered the peasants, it
took 400 years for another dynasty to emerge when they fell
Culture in Qin & Han
Confucian schools were set-up all over the place, They built an army made of terracotta to go
with the emperor into the next life with more than 6000 figures