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VITAMINS Organic compounds required in the diet in small amount to perform specific biological functions for the maintenance of optimum growth and health. Classification: Fat soluble Vit A,D, E, K. Water vit B, C Soluble Fat Soluble Vitamins Fat soluble vit are solule in fat ,oil and in fat solvents like alcohol, acetone, In general fat S. Vit. are stored in liver and excreted through the bile , and excess consumption of these vit particularly A and D lead to accumulation and toxic effect Hypervitaminosis Water soluble vit. Water soluble vit. are readily excreted in urine and they are relatively less toxic. Water soluble vit are not stored in the body (except vit B12). Generally vit deficiency are multiple rather than single deficiency. Deficiency: 1- nightblinfness keratomalcia. 2- Xerophthalmia& 3-Increase risk of developing cancer Vit E :α tocopherol: Found in animal and plant fat and oil, fat soluble vit stable to heat and acid . Sources: plant and animal tissues, cotton seed oil,corn oil,soyabean oil,sunflower oil,fish ,Egg,….. 3- It prevents the oxidation of various compound particularly fat. 4-Vit E may play a role in the development of anemia in infant ( macrocytic anemia). 5- Antisterility effect. Vit.E has a sparing action on vit A. Functions: 1 vit k has been shown to be involved in the maintenance of normal level of blood clotting factor II VII IX X. 2 It catalyze the synthesis of prothrombin in the liver. Absence of vit k , hypo prothrombinemia occurs and blood clotting time is prolonged. 3. Anti dote to some drugs(warfarin).