Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Isotopic labeling wikipedia , lookup
Physical organic chemistry wikipedia , lookup
X-ray fluorescence wikipedia , lookup
Drug discovery wikipedia , lookup
Nuclear chemistry wikipedia , lookup
Hyperspectral imaging wikipedia , lookup
History of cancer chemotherapy wikipedia , lookup
Gamma spectroscopy wikipedia , lookup
Nuclear medicine wikipedia , lookup
Wales Research and Diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Centre “PETIC” An Overview Peter Edwards Executive Director Cyclone® 18/9 -HC (High Current) model • Extra-stable dual beam mode using harmonic coils • High energy : 18 MeV protons 9 MeV deuterons • High current : up to 150 μA, protons up to 40 μA, deuterons • High yield targets : up to 15 Ci 18F • Eight targets distributed around the cyclotron for more flexibility and low exposure • Nirta® Solid target technology for novel radioisotopes: 124I, 64Cu, ... • Quick disconnect targets for easy maintenance • Redundant and instant exchange of foil extraction system • Long-life ion source PET Tracer Production Areas Twin hot cell radiopharmaceutical production suite (GMP) IBA Synthera® Chemistry Synthesis Units Integrated Fluidic Processor™ Single-use sterilized IFPTM pack: Plastic frame with 8 rotary valves, 6 vial holders, 2 cartridge holders, 1 reactor vial, integrated interconnecting tubes FDG reagent sets (certificate of analysis): Vial 1: Cryptand solution Vial 2: Mannose triflate Vial 3: Sodium Hydroxyde Vial 4: Sterile water for injection Ancillary supplies set: (QMA cartridge and filters), solvents, final product container. QC Laboratory • HPLC system with radio- and refractive index detectors • HPLC High-flow system with radio-, UV and RI detectors • HPLC system with Electrochemical detector • TLC Radiochromatography Scanner with MCA • Gas Chromatograph with Head-Space sampler • NaI-based Gamma Counter • Endosafe® endotoxin test system • Gonotec Cryoscopic Osmometer • Balance • pH meter Radiochemical Research Area Triple hot cell research suite Research Hot-Cells Research Chemistry Synthesis Modules: • IBA Synthera ® - 18F chemistry • GE Tracerlab - 11C chemistry • Customised modules – metal-based chemistry Research Chemistry Analytic Systems: • HPLC High-flow system: radio-, UV & RI detectors • HPLC High-flow system: Single Quad Mass Spectrometer & RI detectors • TLC Radiochromatography Scanner – multichannel analyser • Gas Chromatograph with Head-Space sampler • Germanium-based Gamma Counter • LAMBDA 750 UV/Vis/NIR Spectrophotometer (175nm-3300nm) • Spectrum 100 FTIR Spectrometer with Diamond ATR module Conventional PET Isotopes Isotope Half-life (min) Chemical Form Target Reaction Target Material Irradiation Time (min) Recovered Activity EOB (mCi) 11C 20 CO2 CH4 14N(p,α)11C N2+ 0.5-1% O2 N2+ 5 % H2 30 15 3,000 1,000 13N 10 NH3 16O(p,α)13N H2O (natural) + 5mM Ethanol 15 400 on line 500 /min (cont.flow) 400/min (cont.flow) 120 ---------60 13,000 ---------250 60 1,000 N2+ 1% O2 O2 15O 2 CO2 F---------18F 110 14N(d,n)15O N2+ 2% CO2 18O(p,n)18F ---------------20Ne(d,α)18F F2 18O2(p,n)18F 2 H218O (96%) --------------------Ne (natural) +F2 carrier 18O 2 Unconventional PET Isotopes Isotope Decay Mode Half-life, min Target Reaction Potential Uses 66Gallium 56% β+ (EC) 569 66Zn(p,n)66Ga Ga-citrate tumor imaging; antibody binding 120Iodine 56% β+ (EC) 95 120Te(p,n)120I Organic molecule labelling 124Iodine 24%β+ (EC) 6048 124Te(p,n)124I Organic molecule labelling Organic molecule labelling (thymidine – tissue proliferation) Organic molecule labelling 75Bromine 73%β+ (EC) 93 75Se(p,n)75Br 76Bromine 55%β+ (EC) 972 76Se(p,n)76Br Transition Metal PET Isotopes Isotope Decay Mode Half-life, min Target Reaction Potential Uses 45Titanium 85% β+ (EC) 185 45Sc(p,n)45Ti antitumor 60Copper 93% β+ (EC) 24 60Ni(p,n)60Cu Cu chelators 61Copper 61% β+ (EC) 200 61Ni(p,n)61Cu antibodies 62Copper 98 % β+ 10 64Copper 17% β+ (39% β-, EC) 762 64Ni(p,n)64Cu Metabolism/therapy 86Yttrium 32%β+ (EC) 884 86Sr(p,n)86Y Antibodies, chelating compounds 94Technetium 70%β+ (EC) 52 94Mo(p,n)94Tc Cardiac imaging 62Zn/62Cu gen peptides Clinical PET/CT : GE Discovery VCT GE Discovery VCT Rx PET Performance 4.2x6.3x30 mm lutetium yttrium orthosilicate (LYSO) crystals grouped in 9x6 blocks. 24 rings with 630 crystals per ring, ring diameter 886 mm Fields of view: 700mm transaxial and157 mm axial The scanner can operate in both 2D and 3D modes. The Discovery VCT RX possesses high NECR, low scatter fraction, and good spatial resolution characteristics. system sensitivity: 1.7 cps/kBq in 2D and 7.3 cps/kBq in3D scatter fraction 13.1% (31.8%) peak noise equivalent count rate (NECR): 155 kcps at 92.1 kBq/mL (117.7 kcps at 21.7 kBq/mL) FWHM resolution ~ 5mm voxel (2D & 3D) CT Performance GE Discovery VCT Rx 64 Slice detector: 58,368 detector elements in 64x0.625 mm thick rows Slip ring technology with 360o scanning & table incrementation (no inter-scan delay) Up to 64 contiguous axial planes acquired simultaneously with each rotation 40 mm anatomical coverage per rotation at isocentre with 0.625 mm slices XtreamTM FX for reconstruction ECG gated CT-acquisitions OptiDose management: bowtie filters for coronary angiography & pediatric body scans 3D & ECG dose modulation cardiac specific image filters Collimator hardware & software for X-ray beam tracking Discovery Dimension Console VUE Point – PET image Reconstruction Rad Rx Radiology Prescription Interface for PET/CT 4Dx Diagnostic 4D PET Volume viewer, including PET/CT fusion Image analysis tools Clinical Service Clinical staff (radiologists, radiographers) and support staff (receptionist) to support the clinical service will be provided under a Service Level Agreement. At present Health Commission Wales only supports the following PET scans: Colon and Rectum Assessment of recurrent disease, Prior to metastectomy for colorectal cancer Lymphoma Staging of Hodgkins lymphoma & of NonHodgkins lymphoma Lung Differentiation of benign versus malignant lesions where anatomical imaging or biopsy are inconclusive or there is a relative contraindication to biopsy Preoperative staging of non small cell lung cancer Staging of lung cancer prior to radical radiotherapy Also cancer patients over 75 years of age or where there is evidence of inability to travel Training The Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations 2000 “practitioner” / "referrer” radiologists / other clinical specialists "operator” radiologists, medical physicists, medical physics technicians, nurses, radiographers, radiopharmacists "practical aspects” medical physicists, medical physics technicians, radiopharmacists The Administration of Radioactive Substances Advisory Committee (ARSAC) Regulation 2 of the Medicines (Administration of Radioactive Substances) Regulations 1978 (MARS Regulations 1978) requires that any doctor or dentist who wishes to administer radioactive medicinal products to humans should hold a certificate issued by Health Ministers University Post-Graduate Qualifications MSc (T/R) PhD At the Post-Doctoral Level, training programmes to facilitate “discipline hopping” Pre-clinical Research Facility Pre-Clinical Gamma Medica Ideas PET/CT/SPECT • user interface controls all modalities • all data is saved in DICOM format including vital signs and specific scan data • Pre-defined imaging protocols can be designed to ensure the same imaging parameters are used for each subject studied. • VIVID™ (Volumetric Image Visualization, Identification and Display) software package designed specifically for FLEX Triumph™ • provides One-Step Fusion™ automates fusion and co-display of up to four co-acquired images (SPECT/SPECT/PET/CT). • automated loading of SPECT, PET and CT image data, automated 2D and 3D visualization modules • high pixel definition, fast camera manouvers for projection data and streamlined image segmentation • quantification for time-activity curves of dynamic data for bio-distribution studies. X-SPECT™ • Cadmium Zinc Telluride (eV-CZT™), 1-4 γ detectors • spatial resolution better than 0.3 mm. • zoom from 1.5 cm to 17.5 cm. • SpiralSPECT - high-resolution images over large areas computer-controlled animal bed moves in an axial direction during data acquisition reconstruction software yields images with resolution equal to that obtained using standard circular imaging techniques • Multiple isotope SPECT imaging capabilities with ev-CZT detectors e.g. simultaneous imaging of 99mTc and 123I • SynApSPECT (Synthetic Aperture SPECT) includes: base with interchangeable apertures – incl’ multiple pinhole apertures proprietary reconstruction software better resolution than the size of the pinholes high sensitivity; significant reduction in acquisition time or delivered dose. two focal lengths, accommodating multiple fields of view LabPET™ & X-PET™ • better image contrast due to "true pixel" resolution (no resolution degradation or spatial distortion due to coding) • higher count rate performance, make it a superior system. • Avalanche PhotoDiode (APD) detectors and fully digital signal processing • detector design achieves true crystal geometric resolution: no resolution loss due to light sharing or electronic coding. • The superior full-width-at-tenth-of-maximum (FWTM) resolution (1.2mm) improves image contrast and edge sharpness, leading to clearer images. • high sensitivity, X-PET also offers a large axial field of view PET in Cardiff Basic Research Translational Research Tracer Production Training Physical Sciences “the foundations of PET” Computational Sciences Clinical Research Clinical Diagnostic Service Multi-disciplinarity Physical studies: New probes/applications properties, design, synthesis In-vivo studies: In-vitro studies: imaging response, specificity, mobility biological distribution, stability, toxicity, specificity Research Infrastructure CUBRIC – Cardiff University Brain Repair Imaging Centre Human MRI (3T), MEG EMRIC – Experimental Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre Pre-clinical (small bore) MRI (9.4T) OCT – Optical Coherence Tomography CARS – Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy Optical – Luminescence ARCCa – Advanced Research Computing @ Cardiff Wales Cancer Bank CR-UK Cancer Centre MRC Neuroscience Network For further details please contact: Professor Peter Edwards Executive Director Wales Research & Diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging Centre School of Medicine Cardiff University Heath Park Cardiff CF14 4XN ℡: +44 (0)29 20874083 email: [email protected], [email protected]