Download Wales Research and Diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography

Wales Research and Diagnostic
Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Centre
“PETIC”
An Overview
Peter Edwards
Executive Director
Cyclone® 18/9 -HC (High Current) model
• Extra-stable dual beam mode using
harmonic coils
• High energy : 18 MeV protons
9 MeV deuterons
• High current : up to 150 μA, protons
up to 40 μA, deuterons
• High yield targets : up to 15 Ci 18F • Eight targets distributed around the
cyclotron for more flexibility and low
exposure
• Nirta® Solid target technology for novel
radioisotopes: 124I, 64Cu, ...
• Quick disconnect targets for easy
maintenance
• Redundant and instant exchange of foil
extraction system
• Long-life ion source
PET Tracer Production Areas
Twin hot cell
radiopharmaceutical
production suite (GMP)
IBA Synthera® Chemistry Synthesis Units
Integrated Fluidic Processor™
Single-use sterilized IFPTM pack:
Plastic frame with 8 rotary
valves, 6 vial holders, 2 cartridge
holders, 1 reactor vial, integrated
interconnecting tubes
FDG reagent sets (certificate of analysis):
Vial 1: Cryptand solution
Vial 2: Mannose triflate
Vial 3: Sodium Hydroxyde
Vial 4: Sterile water for injection
Ancillary supplies set:
(QMA cartridge and filters),
solvents,
final product container.
QC Laboratory
• HPLC system with radio- and refractive index detectors
• HPLC High-flow system with radio-, UV and RI detectors
• HPLC system with Electrochemical detector
• TLC Radiochromatography Scanner with MCA
• Gas Chromatograph with Head-Space sampler
• NaI-based Gamma Counter
• Endosafe® endotoxin test system
• Gonotec Cryoscopic Osmometer
• Balance
• pH meter
Radiochemical Research Area
Triple hot cell
research suite
Research Hot-Cells
Research Chemistry Synthesis Modules:
• IBA Synthera ® - 18F chemistry
• GE Tracerlab - 11C chemistry
• Customised modules – metal-based chemistry
Research Chemistry Analytic Systems:
• HPLC High-flow system: radio-, UV & RI detectors
• HPLC High-flow system: Single Quad Mass Spectrometer & RI detectors
• TLC Radiochromatography Scanner – multichannel analyser
• Gas Chromatograph with Head-Space sampler
• Germanium-based Gamma Counter
• LAMBDA 750 UV/Vis/NIR Spectrophotometer (175nm-3300nm)
• Spectrum 100 FTIR Spectrometer with Diamond ATR module
Conventional PET Isotopes
Isotope
Half-life
(min)
Chemical
Form
Target
Reaction
Target Material
Irradiation
Time (min)
Recovered Activity
EOB (mCi)
11C
20
CO2
CH4
14N(p,α)11C
N2+ 0.5-1% O2
N2+ 5 % H2
30
15
3,000
1,000
13N
10
NH3
16O(p,α)13N
H2O (natural) +
5mM Ethanol
15
400
on line
500 /min
(cont.flow)
400/min
(cont.flow)
120
---------60
13,000
---------250
60
1,000
N2+ 1% O2
O2
15O
2
CO2
F---------18F
110
14N(d,n)15O
N2+ 2% CO2
18O(p,n)18F
---------------20Ne(d,α)18F
F2
18O2(p,n)18F
2
H218O (96%)
--------------------Ne (natural) +F2
carrier
18O
2
Unconventional PET Isotopes
Isotope
Decay Mode
Half-life,
min
Target Reaction
Potential Uses
66Gallium
56% β+ (EC)
569
66Zn(p,n)66Ga
Ga-citrate tumor imaging;
antibody binding
120Iodine
56% β+ (EC)
95
120Te(p,n)120I
Organic molecule labelling
124Iodine
24%β+ (EC)
6048
124Te(p,n)124I
Organic molecule labelling
Organic molecule labelling
(thymidine – tissue
proliferation)
Organic molecule labelling
75Bromine
73%β+
(EC)
93
75Se(p,n)75Br
76Bromine
55%β+ (EC)
972
76Se(p,n)76Br
Transition Metal PET Isotopes
Isotope
Decay Mode
Half-life,
min
Target Reaction
Potential Uses
45Titanium
85% β+ (EC)
185
45Sc(p,n)45Ti
antitumor
60Copper
93% β+ (EC)
24
60Ni(p,n)60Cu
Cu chelators
61Copper
61% β+ (EC)
200
61Ni(p,n)61Cu
antibodies
62Copper
98 % β+
10
64Copper
17% β+ (39% β-, EC)
762
64Ni(p,n)64Cu
Metabolism/therapy
86Yttrium
32%β+ (EC)
884
86Sr(p,n)86Y
Antibodies, chelating compounds
94Technetium
70%β+ (EC)
52
94Mo(p,n)94Tc
Cardiac imaging
62Zn/62Cu
gen
peptides
Clinical PET/CT : GE Discovery VCT
GE Discovery VCT Rx
PET Performance
4.2x6.3x30 mm lutetium yttrium orthosilicate (LYSO) crystals grouped in 9x6 blocks.
24 rings with 630 crystals per ring, ring diameter 886 mm
Fields of view: 700mm transaxial and157 mm axial
The scanner can operate in both 2D and 3D modes.
The Discovery VCT RX possesses high NECR, low scatter fraction, and good spatial
resolution characteristics.
system sensitivity: 1.7 cps/kBq in 2D and 7.3 cps/kBq in3D
scatter fraction 13.1% (31.8%)
peak noise equivalent count rate (NECR): 155 kcps at 92.1 kBq/mL
(117.7 kcps at 21.7 kBq/mL)
FWHM resolution ~ 5mm voxel (2D & 3D)
CT Performance
GE Discovery VCT Rx
64 Slice detector: 58,368 detector elements in 64x0.625 mm thick rows
Slip ring technology with 360o scanning & table incrementation (no inter-scan delay)
Up to 64 contiguous axial planes acquired simultaneously with each rotation
40 mm anatomical coverage per rotation at isocentre with 0.625 mm slices
XtreamTM FX for reconstruction
ECG gated CT-acquisitions
OptiDose management:
bowtie filters for coronary angiography & pediatric body scans
3D & ECG dose modulation
cardiac specific image filters
Collimator hardware & software for X-ray beam tracking
Discovery Dimension Console
VUE Point – PET image Reconstruction
Rad Rx Radiology Prescription Interface for PET/CT
4Dx Diagnostic 4D PET
Volume viewer, including PET/CT fusion
Image analysis tools
Clinical Service
Clinical staff (radiologists, radiographers) and support staff (receptionist) to
support the clinical service will be provided under a Service Level Agreement.
At present Health Commission Wales only supports the following PET scans:
Colon and Rectum
Assessment of recurrent disease, Prior to metastectomy for colorectal cancer
Lymphoma
Staging of Hodgkins lymphoma & of NonHodgkins lymphoma
Lung
Differentiation of benign versus malignant lesions where anatomical imaging or biopsy are
inconclusive or there is a relative contraindication to biopsy
Preoperative staging of non small cell lung cancer
Staging of lung cancer prior to radical radiotherapy
Also cancer patients over 75 years of age or where there is evidence of inability to travel
Training
The Ionising Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations 2000
“practitioner” / "referrer” radiologists / other clinical specialists
"operator” radiologists, medical physicists, medical physics technicians, nurses,
radiographers, radiopharmacists
"practical aspects” medical physicists, medical physics technicians,
radiopharmacists
The Administration of Radioactive Substances Advisory Committee
(ARSAC)
Regulation 2 of the Medicines (Administration of Radioactive Substances)
Regulations 1978 (MARS Regulations 1978) requires that any doctor or dentist
who wishes to administer radioactive medicinal products to humans should
hold a certificate issued by Health Ministers
University Post-Graduate Qualifications
MSc (T/R)
PhD
At the Post-Doctoral Level, training programmes to facilitate “discipline hopping”
Pre-clinical Research Facility
Pre-Clinical Gamma Medica Ideas PET/CT/SPECT
• user interface controls all modalities
• all data is saved in DICOM format
including vital signs and specific scan data
• Pre-defined imaging protocols can be designed to
ensure the same imaging parameters are used for
each subject studied.
• VIVID™ (Volumetric Image Visualization,
Identification and Display) software package
designed specifically for FLEX Triumph™
• provides One-Step Fusion™
automates fusion and co-display of up to four
co-acquired images (SPECT/SPECT/PET/CT).
• automated loading of SPECT, PET and CT image
data, automated 2D and 3D visualization modules
• high pixel definition, fast camera manouvers for
projection data and streamlined image
segmentation
• quantification for time-activity curves of dynamic
data for bio-distribution studies.
X-SPECT™
• Cadmium Zinc Telluride (eV-CZT™), 1-4 γ detectors
• spatial resolution better than 0.3 mm.
• zoom from 1.5 cm to 17.5 cm.
• SpiralSPECT - high-resolution images over large areas
computer-controlled animal bed moves in an axial direction during data
acquisition
reconstruction software yields images with resolution equal to that obtained using
standard circular imaging techniques
• Multiple isotope SPECT imaging capabilities with ev-CZT detectors
e.g. simultaneous imaging of 99mTc and 123I
• SynApSPECT (Synthetic Aperture SPECT) includes:
base with interchangeable apertures – incl’ multiple pinhole apertures
proprietary reconstruction software
better resolution than the size of the pinholes
high sensitivity; significant reduction in acquisition time or delivered dose.
two focal lengths, accommodating multiple fields of view
LabPET™ & X-PET™
• better image contrast due to "true pixel"
resolution (no resolution degradation or
spatial distortion due to coding)
• higher count rate performance, make it a
superior system.
• Avalanche PhotoDiode (APD) detectors and
fully digital signal processing
• detector design achieves true crystal
geometric resolution: no resolution loss due
to light sharing or electronic coding.
• The superior full-width-at-tenth-of-maximum
(FWTM) resolution (1.2mm) improves image
contrast and edge sharpness, leading to
clearer images.
• high sensitivity, X-PET also offers a large
axial field of view
PET in Cardiff
Basic
Research
Translational
Research
Tracer
Production
Training
Physical Sciences
“the foundations of PET”
Computational
Sciences
Clinical
Research
Clinical
Diagnostic Service
Multi-disciplinarity
Physical studies:
New probes/applications
properties, design, synthesis
In-vivo studies:
In-vitro studies:
imaging response,
specificity, mobility
biological distribution,
stability, toxicity, specificity
Research Infrastructure
CUBRIC
– Cardiff University Brain Repair Imaging Centre
Human MRI (3T), MEG
EMRIC
– Experimental Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre
Pre-clinical (small bore) MRI (9.4T)
OCT
– Optical Coherence Tomography
CARS
– Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy
Optical
– Luminescence
ARCCa
– Advanced Research Computing @ Cardiff
Wales Cancer Bank
CR-UK Cancer Centre
MRC Neuroscience Network
For further details please contact:
Professor Peter Edwards
Executive Director
Wales Research & Diagnostic Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging Centre
School of Medicine
Cardiff University
Heath Park
Cardiff CF14 4XN
℡: +44 (0)29 20874083
email: [email protected], [email protected]