Download Course No. Course Title Credit Hours

Department of Oceanography
University of Dhaka
Curriculum of Courses
for
Master of Science (MS) in Oceanography
February 2013
Syllabus.MS.Oceanography.DU
Curriculum of Courses
for
Master of Science (MS) in Oceanography
The Department of Oceanography at the University of Dhaka, up until now, the only
one of its kind in Bangladesh, aims to advance our knowledge of all facets of the
ocean environment around Bangladesh. Emphasis will be given to the physical,
chemical, biological, geological and atmospheric aspects of the oceans around
Bangladesh, but the intention is to use this new knowledge to draw conclusions which
are globally relevant. Future research is expected to pave the way to the science
underpinning operational oceanography.
Department of Oceanography’s goal is to advance marine sciences through
observation, experimentation and modeling, and to provide excellent educational and
research opportunities for graduate and undergraduate students in Bangladesh with
degrees in Oceanography. Through discovery and active learning we prepare students
for careers across the public and private sector.
Masters in Oceanography will be offered and the degree will be in two streams which
are as follows:
Masters by project work - Project Group (A)
Masters by research work - Thesis Group (B)
All courses are compulsory. Course No. OCN-501 to OCN-512 are compulsory for
both groups. Course No. OCN-513 to OCN-515 are for Project Group and Course No.
OCN-516 & OCN-517 are for Thesis Group.
Distribution of Courses
First Semester
Course No. Course Title
Credit Hours
OCN 501 Geological Oceanography
4
OCN 502 Physical Oceanography
4
OCN 503 Chemical Oceanography
4
OCN 504 Biological Oceanography
4
OCN 505 Marine Resources (Living & Non-living)
4
_____________________________________________________
Sub-total
20
Second Semester
Course No. Course Title
OCN 506
OCN 507
Credit Hours
Coastal Zone Management
Oceanography of the Bay of Bengal
Syllabus.MS.Oceanography.DU
4
4
OCN 508 Climate Change and Marine Environment
3
OCN 509 Coastal and Marine Pollution
3
OCN 510 Law of the Sea and Maritime Boundary
3
OCN 511 Numerical Techniques and Computational Math 3
OCN 512 Lab. and Field Work-1
4
_____________________________________________________
Sub-total
24
Third Semester
Course No. Course Title
Credit Hours
Project Group (A)
OCN-513 Lab. and Field Work-2
4
OCN-514 Project Report & Presentation
2
OCN-515 Viva-voce
2
_____________________________________________________
Sub-total
8
Thesis Group (B)
OCN-516 Thesis
(Thesis-4; Thesis Presentation-2)
6
OCN-517 Viva-voce
2
_____________________________________________________
Sub-total
8
_____________________________________________________
Grand total
(20+24+8=52)
The Programme
The MS programme shall be of 52 credits and divided into 3 semesters. Each semester
shall be of 19 weeks, of which:
i. 15 weeks will be for class teaching
ii. 1 week break for preparation
iii. 3 weeks for holding the semester final examinations
For a 4 credit course there shall be three lecture classes per week i.e., a total of 45
lecture classes of 1 hour duration and for 2 or 3 credit course there shall be a two
lecture classes per week i.e., a total of 30 lecture classes of 1 hour duration.
Syllabus.MS.Oceanography.DU
OCN-501
Geological Oceanography
Credit: 4
Introduction to Geological oceanography: development in the recent past.
Origin of the Earth and Ocean: The age of the Earth and the geological time, scale;
structure of the Earth’s interior and its composition; features of the Ocean;
Continental drift and sea floor spreading; Plate tectonics-the types of plate
boundaries-rifting and subduction zones; the trenches.
The sea floor and continental margins: the ocean basins- origin and morphology;
identification of components of the ocean margin; ridges and rises; processes
responsible for creating the ocean margin features; the shelf, slope and abyssal plain.
Active and passive continental margin.
Introduction to marine sediments: sediment sources and pattern of sediment
deposition from the self to the deep ocean; sediment size and accumulation; sampling
of sediments; dominant transportation processes; sea bed resources.
The marine environments: general conditions, distribution of life form in the oceans;
divisions of the marine environment- pelagic and benthic environments, Basic marine
life styles.
Seal level changes: Geological evidence and consequences: Eustatic vs. relative sea
level changes: effects of sea level change on marginal marine environments.
Books Recommended:
Duxury, A.B. R Duxubury A.C (1999): Fundamentals of Oceanography (3rd Ed.),
WCB/MC Graw-Hill.
Thurman, H.V. (1994): Introductory Oceanography (7th Ed.), Macmillan Pube.
Comp.
Seibold, E. & Berger, W. H: The sea Floor- An Introduction to Marine Geology (3rd
Ed.).
Erickson & Timothy (2002): Marine Geology.
The Ocean Basins: Their Structure and Evolution (second edition). Open University.
ISBN 0750639830
The Sea Floor ---An Introduction to Marine Geology (third edition). E. Seibold and
W.H. Berger. ISBN 3540601910
Syllabus.MS.Oceanography.DU
OCN-502
PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
Credit: 4
1. Physical Oceanography: Introduction. Definition, Scope, Multidisciplinary
investigation application for Bangladesh.
2. Relief of the Ocean: Physical feature of the ocean floor, ocean floor topography,
trenches, oceanic ridges, submarine canyon, passive and active continental margin,
continental shelves & slope, ocean floor of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean.
3. Ocean Sediments: Source of sediments, types, characteristics, depositional
environments.
4. Ocean temperature: Temperature change, causes, vertical and horizontal
distribution and Implication.
5. Ocean Salinity: Salinity change, causes, distribution and implication.
6. Ocean Currents: Causes, types, mean current in Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean.
7. Ocean Tide: Causes and effects. Global distribution, Implication.
8. Waves: causes, characteristics of wave actions, wave energy.
9. Storm surges and cyclones, characteristics, environmental consequences and
management.
10. Sea-level change: Definition, causes, past, present and future trends of S. L.
changes. Consequences of S. L. changes.
11. Marine Environment: Marine climatic Zone, EL-Nino. La-Nina, Man-Ocean
relation.
Books Recommended:
1. Rhatt, J.J., Oceanography, 13. Van Nostrand Company, New York.
2. King, C.A.M., Oceanography for Geographers, Edwin Arnold Publishers Ltd.
London
3. Sharma, R-C. and Vatal, M. Oceanography for Geographers, Chaitanya Publishing
House, Allahabad, India.
4. Carson, R.J., The Sea Around, Staples Press Ltd. London.
5. Engel, L., The Sea, Time Incorporated, London.
6. Islam. M.S. Sea-Level Changes in Bangladesh 2001
Syllabus.MS.Oceanography.DU
OCN- 503
Chemical Oceanography
Credit: 4
(1) Introduction, Background:
Introduction, the composition of seawater, what is salinity? The properties of water
and seawater, the global hydrologic cycle, general oceanic circulation, rneridional
overturning circulation', global salinity distribution, density and vertical density
profiles.
Intro to Earth Processes; Seawater and Salt, Salinity and Chemical Transformations.
Gas Solubility and Air-Sea exchange. Elemental composition of' seawater.
Conservative and non-conservative behaviour. Salinity, its measurement and
applications.
Steady vs non-steady state of ocean composition. Mean oceanic residence times, the
thermocline and the 2-box model of ocean chemistry; thermohaline circulation.
Estuaries, Evaporites, Primary productivity and particle fluxes.
(2) Geochemical Cycling through the Oceans:
Compositions and Residence Times. Major ions and salinity, box models, mass
balances, river input, weathering, cyclic salts, hydrothermal systems and sediments,
speciation of major ions. Tools for studying geochemistry.
Introduction to stable isotopes. Introduction to radiochermstry, chart of the nuclides,
Applications. eg. Carbon-14 dating, particle scavenging rates, air-sea gas exchange,
quantification. The Global Journey - inputs to and outputs from the ocean. Rivers and
estuaries, weathering, hydrothermal processes, gas exchange across the air-sea
interface, atmospheric deposition, sediments.
Inorganic Carbon Chemistry 1: The oceanic chemistry of dissolved inorganic carbon,
pH, the alkalinity of seawater, ion activity products.
(3) Biogeochemical Cycling within the Water Column:
Life Processes in the Ocean, Redfield ratios, nutrients, nutrient limitation,
photosynthesis, respiration, particles and scavenging in the water column, transport
and removal of particles, 234-Th methods, controls of primary productivity, nutrient
distributions. trace element distributions, trace elements and phytoplankton,
quantifying fluxes and rates.
(4) Biogeochemical Cycling in the Sediments:
Sediment Chemistry, The importance of oxygen, redox geochemistry, early
diagenesis, sequence of terminal electron acceptors, organic matter preservation,
global distribution of sediments.
Inorganic Carbon Chemistry II: Preservation of carbonate sediments, alkalinitv
budgets, paleo-oceanographic implications of ocean carbonate chemistry.
Syllabus.MS.Oceanography.DU
(5) Global Biogeochernical Cycles:
The Carbon Cycle - long term cycles, weathering, preservation in sediments,
anthropogenic impacts. The Nitrogen Cycle - denitrification, nitrogen fixation,
annamox, paleo-oceanographic applications.
The biolimiting elements: P, N and Si. Biological cycling of other elements. CaCO3)
biogeochemistry and changing pH of oceans. Dissolved oxygen and anoxia.
Scavenged elements. Geochemistry of ocean sediments.
Oxygen, Organic Matter, Nutrients and Biolimiting Elements, Trace Metals,
Diagenesis. Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycles, Production of DOM, Silica and
Evaporites, Inorganic Chemistry of Seawater, Marine Carbon Cycle and Global
Climate Change.
Books Recommended:
Emerson, S.R and Hedges, J.1. Chemical Oceanography and the Marine Carbon
Cycle. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2008.
Pilson, M.E.Q. An Introduction to the Chemistry of the Sea. Prentice Hall, Ne\N,
Jersey. USA, 1998.
Sarmiento, J. and Gruber, N. Ocean Biogeochemical Dynamics. Princeton University
Press, Princeton, N.J, USA, 2006.
Berner. Elizabeth Kay and Robert A. Berner. Global Environment: Water, Air, and
Geochemical Cycles. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1996.
Broecker, Wallace and Peng, Tsung-hung, Tracers in the Sea, Palisades, N.Y.
LamontDoherty Geological Observatory, Columbia University. 1982.
Burdige David, Geochemistry of Marine Sediments. Princeton University Press, 2006.
Morel, Francois M. M. and Janet G. Hering. Principles and Applications of Aquatic
Chemistry. Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1993.
Millero, Frank J. Chemical Oceanography, Third Edition. CRC Press, New York,
2006.
Marine Biogeocheinical Cycles, 2nd Edition by Rachel James. The Open University,
ISBN: 0750667931
Seawater: Its Composition, Properties and Behavior, 2nd Edition by The Open
University, ISBN: 0750637153
Marine Biogeochemical Cycles (second edition). Open University. ISBN07506679l
Marine Geochemistry. H.D. Schulz and M. Zabel (eds.). ISBN 354066453X
Syllabus.MS.Oceanography.DU
OCN-504
BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
Credit: 4
Introduction, basic terms, zonation of the oceans, history, physical & chemical
properties of seawater, water masses, density, pressure, salinity.
Light, temperature, ocean heat budget, physics of waves & currents, major current
systems, Upwelling.
Nitrogen, phosphorus, silicate, biogeochemical cycles, carbon cycle and the marine
carbonate system.
Photosynthesis, primary production, phytoplankton systematics, zooplankton
systematic, ecology of zooplankton, secondary production and zooplankton activity,
food chains, food webs and the "microbial loop".
Nutrient uptake and competition, zonation of the benthos, seafloor, macroalgae.
seagrass, benthic animals, ecology of benthic communities and mangroves, coral
reef's.
Fisheries oceanography, marine mammal ecology, deep-sea ecology and
hydrothermal vents, alien species and harmful algal blooms, human impacts oil the
oceans.
Books Recommended:
1. Carol M Lalli & Timothy Parsons (1997) Biological Oceanography: An
Introduction, 2nd edition. Butterworth-Heinemann Publishers. ISBN 0750633840.
2. J. Levinton (2009) Marine Biology: Function, Biodiversity, Ecology. (3rd edition,
Oxford University Press).
3. Sumich, James, L. & Morrissey, John, F. (2008) Introduction to the Biology of
Marine Life, 9th edition. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. ISBN: 0-7637-3313-X.
4. M. Takahashi, B. Hargrave & T. R. Parsons (2005) Biological Oceanographic
Processes, 344 pages, 3rd Edition. Pergamon Press.
5. Jumars, P. A. (1993) Concepts in Biological Oceanography: An Interdisciplinary
Primer. Oxford University Press, New York. 348 p. ISBN 0- 19-506732-0.
Syllabus.MS.Oceanography.DU
OCN-505
Marine Resources (Living & Non-living)
Credit: 4
Non-Living Resources:
Hydrocarbons, fossil fuels (Oil and Gas); Harnessing of ocean energy: tidal, waves,
currents, wind and thermal energy. Possible ocean energy use in Bangladesh.
Polymetalic nodules, manganese nodules, different sands, mineral resources, placer
deposits, phosphorite deposits, evaporite deposits, polymetalic sulphides, gas hydrate,
aggregate etc.
Living Resources:
Animal resources (invertebrates, vertebrates)
1.
Classification of all invertebrate Phyla up to Class.
2.
Protozoans, Sponges, Coral and coral reefs, Rotifers, Oligochaetes,
Crustaceans, Gastropods, Pelecypods, Cephalopods, Aquatic Insects,
Echinoderms.
3.
Economic importance of each of the invertebrate phyla with special
emphasis on fisheries.
4.
Classification of the Phylum Chordate up to Order with special
emphasis on the aquatic ones.
5.
Protochordates and Hemichordates, Urochordata, Cephalochordata.
6.
Amphibia, Reptilia, Aves, Mammalia, Pisces.
7.
Economic importance of various groups of chordates with special
reference to fisheries.
8.
Marine protected areas, Overfishing, Endangered tropical coastal
systems: coral, mangroves, seagrass. Endangered marine species.
Marine therapeutics and biotechnology. Biodiversity in the coastal
regions (St. Martin & Sundarban).
Books Recommended:
1.
Jordan, E.L. and Verma, P.S. 2001. Invertebrate Zoology, S. Chand
and Company. Ramnagar, New Delhi.
2.
Kotpal, R.L. 2007. Modern Text Book of Zoology, Invertebrate
(Animal Biodiversity –II). Capital Offset Press, New Delhi, India.
3.
Robert, T. Orr. 1982. Vertebrate Biology. Saundars College
Publishing.
4.
Young, J.Z. 1981. The Life of Vertebrates (3rd edition).Oxford
University press.
5.
J. Levinton (2009) Marine Biology: Function, Biodiversity, Ecology.
(3rd edition, Oxford University Press).
6.
Sumich, James, L & Morrissey, John, F. (2008) Introduction to the
Biology of Marine Life, 9th edition. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. ISBN:
0-7637-3313-X.
Syllabus.MS.Oceanography.DU
OCN-506
Coastal Zone Management
Credit: 4
1. Coast: Definition, delineation. major environmental gradients,
characteristics. approaches to coastal environmental studies, allied
discipline, historical development of applied coastal studies.
2. Coastal Classification: Open coast, closed coast, Rocky coast, muddy
coast and Sandy coast, deltaic coast
3. Coastal Landform: Cliff, Sand dunes. Shores, beaches, Tidal flat Mud flat,
lagoons.
3. Coastal Processes: Waves, Tides, Winds, Ocean current
4. Coastal Sediment Budgets: Basic Concept of Sediment transport,
Sediment sources, sizes, distribution
5. Estuaries: Definition, types, processes and morphology
6. Coastal Vegetation: Mangroves and Salt marsh, their distribution,
characteristics and succession
7. Coastal Resources: Flora and Fauna, Coral Reef, Mineral Resources
8. Coastal Disaster: Cyclone, Storm Surges, Tsunami, Bank Erosion,
Salinity Intrusion, Tsunami, landslide, Erosion, sea-level changes.
10. Coastal Pollution: Sources, industrial, sewage, runoff, marine, Process,
Nature, Controls
11. Human Impact on the Coast: Landuse changes, Economic activities,
Coastal Tourism, Industrial Activities, Development activities,
environmental degradation.
12. Coastal Zone Management: Concept, Issues, Policies, ICZM, Land
Reclamation, Coastal Zoning, Protection and Defense, Management
techniques, Community Participation, Coastal Conservation
13. Coastal Environment of Bangladesh: Classification, landform; coastal
dynamics, resources and management.
Books Recommended:
D. Raflaelli and S. Hawkins. Intertidal Ecology 1997
J. Pathick A. introduction to Coastal Geomorphology 1986
E.C. Birds, Submerging Coast. 1993
S.C. Snedakar and J.G. Snedakar. The Mangrove ecosystem. 1984
Islam. M.S. Sea-Level Changes in Bangladesh. 2001
Syllabus.MS.Oceanography.DU
OCN-507
Oceanography of the Bay of Bengal
Credit: 4
1. Introduction: Location, boundary, historical perspectives, human occupancy
2. Physical Oceanography of the Bay of Bengal:
Continental shelf: Bottom topography, bathymetric changes, sediment dispersal
Ocean dynamics: Tidal characteristics, vertical and horizontal distribution of ocean
temperature, salinity and density; aerial and seasonal variation of ocean currents,
sediment transport, estuaries and estuaries dynamics.
3. Geological Oceanography of the Bay of Bengal: the shelf, slope, 90° East Ridge,
Plate boundary, active subduction, passive margin, sediment budget.
Swatch of No Ground: Origin, geological characteristics, size and extent, sediment
dynamics, water mass, importance.
Bengal deep sea fan: Extents, types, sediment types, sedimentary sequences
Palae-environment of the Bay of Bengal: Methods of reconstruction, deep sea drill,
core, oxygen isotope stage, sea level changes
Off-shore islands: Formations, types, distribution and recording, characteristics
St. Martin Island: Geology and formation, morphology, ecology, sustainable
management
4. Chemical Oceanography of the Bay of Bengal: Water chemistry, sediment
chemistry. Horizontal and vertical profiles of nutrients (No3, No2, NH4, Si), vertical
profiles of O2, CO2, Bio-geo-chemistry of the Bay of Bengal.
5. Biological Oceanography of the Bay of Bengal: Mixed layer depth,
photosynthesis, chlorophyll concentration, primary production, secondary production,
phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, fisheries production
6. Satellite Oceanography of the Bay of Bengal: Sea Surface Temperature (SST),
Water circulation of the Bay of Bengal, chlorophyll concentration.
7. Modeling: Box model, 2 dimensional and 3 dimensional model, Physical,
biological, ecological, bio-geo-chemical and ecosystem model of the Bay of Bengal.
Storm surge modelling.
8. Geopolitics of Bay of Bengal: Geo-political importance of Bay of Bengal, Case
study: Bangladesh Myanmar maritime boundary conflict and verdict.
Books Recommended:
Seibold, E. & Berger, W. H: The sea Floor- An Introduction to Marine Geology (3rd
Ed.).
Erickson & Timothy (2002): Marine Geology.
Syllabus.MS.Oceanography.DU
The Ocean Basins: Their Structure and Evolution (second edition). Open University.
ISBN 0750639830
The Sea Floor ---An Introduction to Marine Geology (third edition). E. Seibold and
W.H. Berger. ISBN 3540601910
Marine Biogeochemical Cycles (second edition). Open University.
Marine Geochemistry. H.D. Schulz and M. Zabel (eds.). ISBN 354066453X
Carol M Lalli & Timothy Parsons (1997) Biological Oceanography: An Introduction,
2nd edition. Butterworth-Heinemann Publishers. ISBN 0750633840.
Syllabus.MS.Oceanography.DU
OCN- 508
Climate Change and Marine Environment
Credit: 3
1.
Introduction: greenhouse gases, earth's carbon reservoirs, carbon cycling,
CO2 emissions, the earth's natural greenhouse effect, climate and weather,
global wind systems, Clouds, storms and climates, global ocean circulation.
2.
Climate Anomalies: El Nino, La Nina and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO),
North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Indian
Ocean Dipole (IOD).
3.
Environmental changes in the estuarine and coastal zone: physical settings.
water and salt circulation, sedimentation, coastal processes, destruction of
mangrove ecosystem; climate change and sea-level change. Implications of
global change for the estuarine and coastal zone, siltation, floods and cyclones.
Increase of salinity in the coastal region, loss of bio-diversity etc.
4.
Impact of global climate change on fisheries: Impact of climate change oil
coastal, estuarine and marine fisheries, Bangladesh and global perspective.
5.
Response strategies: protection, resilience, adaptation, ICZM and institutional
arrangements.
Books Recommended:
1. Mann, K. (2000) Coastal Marine Ecosystems, Blackwell Science, 352 pp.
2. Cushing, D. 11. (1982) Climate and Fisheries. Academic Press. UK. 375 pp.
3. Laevastu, T. (1993) Marine Climate, Weather and Fisheries. Fishing News Books.
224pp.
4. Haq, B. U. et. al. (1997) Coastal Zone Management: Imperative for Maritime
Developing Nations. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 394 pp.
Syllabus.MS.Oceanography.DU
OCN-509
Coastal and Marine Pollution
Credit: 3
1.
Aquatic pollution: Introduction, nature, sources and classification. Pollution
in inland water, estuaries, coast and open sea especially in the Bay of Bengal.
2.
Aquatic contaminants/pollutants: sewage, industrial effluents, oil,
radioactive substances etc. Fate of wastes and Pollutants. Types of marine
pollutants Organic enrichment, BOD, Sewage, Agricultural runoff,
Eutrophication, Point & Non point source of pollution, Pesticides,
organochlorine, organophosporous, Heavy Metals, Persistent Organic
Pollutants (POPs), DDT, PCBs, HCH, HCB, Dirty Dozens, Pthalates,
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
(PAHs), Petroleum, Oils, Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated Diberizofurans, Dioxin,
MBT & TBT, Thermal Pollution, power plants, desalination plants, cooling
plants, Types of radioactive waste, Hazardous Waste Pollution.
3.
Effects of pollution on aquatic environment: Principles and methods for tile
study of toxicity effects. Acute and chronic toxicity, lethal and sub-lethal
responses. Static Bioassays, Flow through technique, LC50, LD50, Acute and
long term toxicity. Bioaccumulation, Bioconcentration Factor (BCT'). Effects
on biotic community, mutagenicity, genotoxicity. Chromosomal aberration,
apoptosis, commet assay, micronucleus assay, imposex, safe level of'
pesticides for water, sediment and aquatic animal especially fish.
Toxicological case studies. Genetic damage and molecular response to
pollution, Molecular process and physiological response to pollution, Public
health effects; biological impact of' contaminants, Impact on reproduction,
Impact oil individual, Population and community, Population ecology to
socio-economic and human health issues.
4.
Aquatic pollution Issues: national, regional and international issues.
Monitoring of aquatic pollution, different monitoring programs, Pollution
Prevention and control, indicator species and their role. Marine Pollution
monitoring and assessment, Management of Marine Pollution.
L,
Pollution management policies. Prevention of pollution-regulations. agreements:
protocols, guideline, conventions.
5.
Books Recommended:
1. Baird, C. and Cann M. "Environmental Chemistry", 4th Edition, W.H. Freeman
and Co., N.Y., 2008.
2. Lord Callaghan, Carlos Pimenta, Javier Perez de Cuellar (1990) Marine Pollution.
3. R. B. Clark (2001) Marine Pollution, Oxford University Press, NY.
4. D. W. Hawker (2009) Water Pollution Chemistry Lecture Notes.
Syllabus.MS.Oceanography.DU
5. P. D. Vowles and D.W. Hawker (2009) Water Pollution Chemistry Laboratory and
Workshop Manual.
6. Connell, D.W. (1997) Basic Concepts of Environmental Chemistry, Lewis
Publishers, Boca Raton, Fl.
7. Stumm, W. and Morgan, J.J., Wiley, N.Y. (1995) Aquatic Chemistry.
8. David J. Hoffman, Barnett A. Rattner, G. Allen Burton Jr., and John Cairns Jr.
(2002) Handbook of Ecotoxicology, Second Edition.
Syllabus.MS.Oceanography.DU
OCN-510
Law of the Sea and Maritime Boundary
Credit: 3
1. Evolution/ Historical Development of Law of the Sea.
2. Maritime Zones: Rights and obligations under international law.
3. Baseline: Legal Requirements and International Practices.
Case Study: Analysis of Bangladesh's baseline
4. Maritime Boundary: Delimitation and Delineation.
Practical: Methods and application of relevant factors
5. Maritime Resources: living and non-living
6. Continental Shelf and Deep Sea-bed -- Legal Regime
Practical: Modus Operandi of the UN for delineation of UNCLOS Art 76
continental shelf
7. Dispute Resolution
Case Study: Bangladesh
8. Joint Development
Practical: Hypothetical Project Work
9. Marine Environment
10. Marine Scientific Research and Transfer of Technology.
Syllabus.MS.Oceanography.DU
OCN-511 Numerical Techniques and Computational Mathematics
Credit: 3
The course deals with numerical methods to solve the hydrodynamic equations
- finite differences in time and space for the hydrodynamic equations
- analysis of the limitations of finite difference methods
- semi-implicit and semi-Lagrangian schemes
- iterative methods for solving the Laplace and Poisson equations
- staggered grids for the shallow-water equations in two dimensions
- nonlinear advection terms
- spectral coordinates for global atmospheric circulation models
Introduction
• Review and classification of different ocean models
• Review of physical oceanography properties
• The equation of state used in different ocean models
• Review of terms used in modeling (vorticity, stream function, etc.)
Equations and approximations
• Review of the equations of motion (Primitive Equations Models)
• Common assumptions and their impact (Hydrostatic, Boussinesq)
Parameterization of mixing in ocean models
• Horizontal and vertical diffusion & viscosity
• Turbulence schemes & mixed-layer models
Finite differencing and grid choices
• Basic finite differencing schemes and stability analysis
• Staggered grids and their impact
• Time split techniques and their effect on model efficiency
• Horizontal grids (rectangular, curvilinear, triangular, unstructured)
Quasi-Geostrophic and Shallow-Water Models
Classification of ocean models by vertical grid choices
• Z-level models and the BBL problem
• Isopycnal and layer models: from simple 1.5L reduce-gravity
models to global hybrid models
• Terrain-following/Sigma-coordinate models
- the pressure gradient problem
- the horizontal diffusion problem
• Generalized coordinate models
• Comparison between models (idealized and realistic examples
from the Gulf of Mexico & the Yucatan Channel)
Boundary Conditions
• Sea-bed/bottom boundary conditions and sediments
• Surface boundary conditions and air-sea exchange
• Lateral/coastal boundary conditions
- Special cases: rivers, wetting and drying
• Open boundary conditions
Syllabus.MS.Oceanography.DU
- Radiation conditions, cyclical, buffer zones
- Tides
Diagnostic models
• 2D basin scale circulation models based on the vertically integrated
vorticity balance equation: the JEBAR effect and climate studies.
• 3D diagnostic models: robust-diagnostic, diagnostic-prognostic adjustment
techniques and their applications for climate and coastal simulations
Books Recommended:









Mathematical Methods for Oceanographers: An Introduction
Edward A. Laws
Data Analysis Methods in Physical Oceanography
William J. Emery, Richard E. Thomson
Haidvogel and Beckmann, Numerical Ocean Circulation Modeling, Imperial
College Press, 1999.
Kantha and Clayson, Numerical Models of Oceans and Oceanic Processes,
Academic Press, 2000.
Griffies, Fundamentals of ocean climate models, Princeton Univ. Press, 2004.
Mooers (Ed.), Coastal Ocean Prediction, Coastal & Estuarine Studies Ser., 56,
AGU Publ., 1999.
Pinardi and Woods (Eds.), Ocean Forecasting: Conceptual Basis and
Applications, Springer, 2002.
O’Brien, J. J., Advanced Physical Oceanographic Numerical Modelling,
Springer Publ., 1986.
Flannery, Teukolsky and Vetterling, Numerical Recipes in FORTRAN: The
Art of Scientific Computing, H.W. Press, 1992.
Syllabus.MS.Oceanography.DU
OCN-512
Lab. and Field Work-1
4 Credit
Measurements of water temperature, TSS, TDS etc. Measurements of seawater
properties: Salinity, EC, Eh, Density. Use of TS diagram temperature, salinity and
density profile making and interpretation.
Microscopic examination of sediment particles for determination of sorting, grading
and roundness. Texture analysis using standard sieves, fall velocity. Shore profiling
using Emory Rod. Topographic and bathymetric maps. Sediment trap, sediment
transport, Water current, velocity.
Flow observation: Open channel flow, water current, velocity. Determination of flow
by Current meter, ADCP. Tide and wave measurement.
Chemistry of water and sea water. Major and minor elements in the sea water.
Composition of sea water. Determination of dissolved gases in the sea water e.g. DO,
Co2. Determination of nutrients (No3, No2, Po4, NH4, Si etc) Determination of
carbonates, bicarbonates., hydrocarbon.
Collection, preservation and identification of marine organisms. Invertebrates: plant
(plankton, sea grass, sea weeds etc.) and animals. Vertebrates: fishes, birds, reptiles
and other mammals). Museum Study of marine invertebrates and vertebrates.
Preparation, handling of plankton collection equipments. Culture techniques of
planktons. Collection, preservation, identification of plankton samples.
Syllabus.MS.Oceanography.DU
OCN-513
Lab. and Field Work-2
4 Credit
Determination of trace elements. Determination of lethal doses. Radioactive and
stable isotopes. Comparative study of organisms between polluted and unpolluted
area.
Measurement of pCo2.
Basic idea about HPLC, GC/MS, LC/MS, ICP/AES, ICP/MS etc.
Estimation of various biodiversity indices.
Land use zoning for mangrove afforestation, shrimp farming, salt production and
coastal tourism development.
ArcView/TNTLite/GRASS, Using raster layers in ArcView/TNTLite/GRASS.
Digitization/Screen digitization exercises. Raster, Vector data processing.
Georeferencing, Attribute/Data manipulation. Case studies.
Image file/format manipulation. Radiometric/Geometric correction practices.
Unsupervised classification, training and supervised classification practices. Post
processing practices. Output and mapping practices. GIS analyses of post-processing
RS data. Use of satellite in Chlorophyll measurements. SARS images in
Oceanography. Case Studies.
Syllabus.MS.Oceanography.DU