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IBTUF VIII – AUSTIN, TX Distributed Antenna Systems for Large Venues Presented by Prabhu Maragathavannan CAR/TN Region January 14, 2014 PID# Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. Agenda • Large DAS Systems Overview DAS Architecture Common DAS Manufacturers • DAS Zones Vs Sectors-Capacity and Design DAS Zones Vs Sectors User Throughput expectations 3D Model and inclined surfaces Performance based capacity solution • Why is Noise Figure important? Noise Figure Calculation UL attenuation settings examples • Delay settings Significance of Delay settings Cause and Effects Parameters to be adjusted • Path imbalance Balancing Tool Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 2 Sample Architecture Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 3 Common DAS Manufacturers • Mobile Access (Separate Amplifiers) – Charlotte Airport, Clemson • Commscope (Shared Amplifier with TPOI/IPOI) – USC, Music City, LP Field, PNC Arena, Bridgestone • Tyco or TE Connectivity (Digital System) – BOA Stadium, Time Warner, Airport, UNC • SoLid ( 1 Fiber strand) – UT Neyland Stadium, TIAACref Other players are Teko, Dali Wireless etc Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 4 Agenda • Large DAS Systems Overview DAS Architecture Common DAS Manufacturers • DAS Zones Vs Sectors-Capacity and Design DAS Zones Vs Sectors User Throughput expectations 3D Model and inclined surfaces Performance based capacity solution • Why is Noise Figure important? Noise Figure Calculation UL attenuation settings examples • Delay settings Significance of Delay settings Cause and Effects Parameters to be adjusted • Path imbalance Balancing Tool Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 5 DAS Zones Vs Sectors • Zones Vs Sectors- Performance Vs Capacity? Example: 4 sector configuration Sector Boundaries Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 6 DAS Zones Vs Sectors • User experience in the bowl will be different based on where they are seated Users in this area get great Throughput due to 64QAM (SINR ~20) More Sectors create more Boundaries with poor SINR User gets poor Throughput in the sector boundaries due to bad SINR Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 7 DAS Zones Vs Sectors If there are multiple levels, make sure inclination is defined properly and all sectors are transmitting when generating SINR plots Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 8 DAS Zones Vs Sectors We can see the different tiers of the stadium with the antenna locations on the 3D view in this example clearly showing the slope and inclination well defined for propagation modeling Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 9 DAS Zones Vs Sectors The predictions should be based on the inclined surfaces also inside the bowl. The more accurate the slope and the angle directions are, the prediction results will be more close to actual scenario Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 10 DAS Zones Vs Sectors • Two aspects of the design Capacity planning based on market share, simultaneous users, active connected users etc Even if capacity requires, x number of sectors, design for additional zones in the bowl if possible Performance based capacity planning using Target SINR and Noise Figure calculations Consider Noise rise due to loading which will affect SINR SINR of 10 dB in an empty stadium may be even 2 dB based on the amount of loading. Need to include the “noise rise due to loading” in the link budget Number of remotes per sector to be considered for cascaded noise figure Even if enough power is available, try to have additional remotes to create zones for future. We cannot suddenly create additional sectors if we don’t have those in place Both of these factors go hand in hand and there is a tradeoff between the two at a point and might have to grow vertically at this point Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 11 Agenda • Large DAS Systems Overview DAS Architecture Common DAS Manufacturers • DAS Zones Vs Sectors-Capacity and Design DAS Zones Vs Sectors User Throughput expectations 3D Model and inclined surfaces Performance based capacity solution • Why is Noise Figure important? Noise Figure Calculation UL attenuation settings examples • Delay settings Significance of Delay settings Cause and Effects Parameters to be adjusted • Path imbalance Balancing Tool Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 12 Why is Noise Figure important ? • Where Fn and Gn are the noise factor and available power gain, respectively, of the n-th stage. Note that both magnitudes are expressed as ratios, not in decibels. • The overall noise figure of a radio receiver is primarily established by the noise figure of its first amplifying stage. Subsequent stages have a diminishing effect on signal to noise ratio. For this reason, the first stage amplifier in a receiver is often called the Low Noise Amplifier(LNA). Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 13 Noise Figure Attenuation at the remote should be 0 Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 14 Noise Figure(Solid equipment example) Setting at the conditioners are ok Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 15 Noise Figure(Mobile access example) Setting at the conditioners are ok Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 16 Noise Figure (UL Attenuation) UL Attenuation • • In neutral host systems try to keep UL atten on the DIU trays to have control Active trays like iPOI are great option but make sure it is not locked by the other carrier for neutral host scenarios Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 17 Agenda • Large DAS Systems Overview DAS Architecture Common DAS Manufacturers • DAS Zones Vs Sectors-Capacity and Design DAS Zones Vs Sectors User Throughput expectations 3D Model and inclined surfaces Performance based capacity solution • Why is Noise Figure important? Noise Figure Calculation UL attenuation settings examples • Delay settings Significance of Delay settings Cause and Effects Parameters to be adjusted • Path imbalance Balancing Tool Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 18 Delay Settings • The eNode B is responsible for maintaining the uplink timing synchronization for the users. • In LTE, timing adjustment is performed using the timing-advance(TA) command, which is transmitted either as part of a random-access response or as a MAC control element When the TA command is transmitted as part of the random access response, a 11-bit TA command with possible values of TA=0,1,2,…1282 is used which provides timing adjustment from 0 to 667 uS When the UE is already synchronized, only fine timing adjustment is necessary and is done on MAC control message Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 19 Delay Settings • DAS Systems have an inherent delay, especially the ones with long fiber runs • They have to be balanced for the sectors and then compensated at the BTS/eNode B • Unbalanced delays = PN Offset as BTS are time synchronized • Will affect LTE significantly as each TA granularity is around 0.52us • New delay compensation parameter GPSAntDel for Motorola equipment (CDMA) and has been successfully implemented at several venues • Should be kept in mind while moving zones around and assigning to sectors with different delays Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 20 Delay settings Fiber lengths for multiple remotes to the same sector should be balanced for delay Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 21 LTE Delay Compensation • LTE (Ericsson example) Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 22 Motorola Delay compensation • Motorola parameter for delay compensation (4812) Delay compensation in nano seconds Please note this has to be set at a frame level unlike LTE Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 23 Motorola Delay compensation • Delay compensation for UBS frames Delay compensation in nano seconds Note the difference for UBS frames Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 24 Agenda • Large DAS Systems Overview DAS Architecture Common DAS Manufacturers • DAS Zones Vs Sectors-Capacity and Design DAS Zones Vs Sectors User Throughput expectations 3D Model and inclined surfaces Performance based capacity solution • Why is Noise Figure important? Noise Figure Calculation UL attenuation settings examples • Delay settings Significance of Delay settings Cause and Effects Parameters to be adjusted • Path imbalance Balancing Tool Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 25 Path Imbalance • An unbalanced path will allow individual UE’s to generate inter-cell interference at cell edges which could cause higher receive noise floors. • Rises in reverse link noise floors at eNodeB receivers will slow uplink throughput considerably, well before the downlink is affected • Tool to calculate required attenuation at tray Confidential and proprietary materials for authorized Verizon personnel and outside agencies only. Use, disclosure or distribution of this material is not permitted to any unauthorized persons or third parties except by written agreement. 26