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FORM 310 PROFESSIONAL BOARD FOR RADIOGRAPHY AND CLINICAL TECHNOLOGY GUIDELINES FOR EXAMINATIONS OF FOREIGN QUALIFIED TECHNOLOGISTS IN CLINICAL TECHNOLOGY (CATEGORY: CARDIOLOGY) A. INTRODUCTION All individuals who practice any of the health care professions incorporated in the scope of the HPCSA are obliged by the Health Professions Act, 1974, to register with the HPCSA, such that failure to do so constitutes a criminal offense. In terms of the policy of the Professional Board for Radiography and Clinical Technology all foreign qualified candidates are required to challenge the entry examination in order to determine their registrability with HPCSA. Registration with HPCSA does not imply that employment is guaranteed. The onus for finding employment rests with the candidate. B. ADMISSION CRITERIA 1. Only candidates who are registrable, if applicable, in the country where they have obtained their qualification will be allowed to sit for the examination. 2. Basic schooling of at least twelve (12) years must precede the training. 3. The duration of the training should have been at least three (3) years. Should the duration of the training be less than three (3) years, the candidate should be referred to a training institution to apply to upgrade their training. 4. The training should be of an academic acceptable standard and the candidate should have had adequate clinical training in line with the South African requirement. C. APPLICATION AND EXAMINATION PROCESS Candidate contacts the HPCSA ↓ The Administration of the Professional Board for Radiography and Clinical Technology sends Form 177 to the candidate. ↓ All duly completed forms and relevant information are returned to the Administration of the Board at least two (2) months before set date of examination. ↓ The application then serves before the Education Committee (which sits twice a year) of the Board who verifies the applicant’s eligibility to sit for the examination. ↓ The Examiner and Moderator are appointed by the Education Committee of the Board. ↓ The Administration notifies the candidate of his/her eligibility to undertake the examination and is sent the most recent information about the examination i.e. dates of examinations, examination fees, clinical venue etc. ↓ The Theoretical and Clinical Examinations are conducted as per the guiedelines. ↓ The Examiner and Moderator compile final results and recommendations for ratification by the Board. ↓ The Administration communicates the final results to candidates at least four (4) weeks after the last examination had taken place. ↓ Successful candidates register with HPCSA. D. PURPOSE OF EXAMINATION The purpose of the examination is to establish that all foreign qualified Technologists applying to work in South Africa as a Clinical Technologist in Cardiology are able to: - Apply knowledge and skills to perform and adapt techniques applicable to the clinical condition of the patient. - Care for the patient responsibly and efficiently to ensure that the welfare and safety of the patient is maintained. - Apply appropriate health and safety regulations, ethical principles and codes of practice in performance of techniques. - Demonstrate competency in the execution of techniques. -Display knowledge and understanding of equipment used. - Operate equipment effectively and competently. - Express an understanding of the principles and techniques of procedures performed. - Display knowledge of Quality Assurance and Quality Control with regards to quality of procedures performed and equipment function. Exhibit a level of insight and ability to apply skills and techniques within the context of Clinical Technology service delivery. - Display an awareness and understanding of the South African health care system. E. ADMISSION TO THE EXAMINATION 1. Approval to sit for the examination must be granted by the Education Committee of the Board. 2. A duly completed Form 177 B with relevant documentation must be submitted two (2) months prior to the set date of the examination. 3. A non-refundable examination fee has to be paid to HPCSA four (4) weeks prior to the set date of the examination. F. VENUE OF EXAMINATION 1. The examination will be conducted at a venue approved by the Professional Board for Radiography and Clinical Technology. 2. Candidates are responsible for their own traveling and accommodation costs. G. FORMAT OF EXAMINATION The examination is held twice a year in April and September of each year. Part 1: Theoretical Examination This examination consists of a three (3) hour paper that is set at the third year level. This examination covers the integration of the following: anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology, clinical practice, biomedical apparatus, pharmacology, safety and quality assurance applicable to Cardiology. Part 2: Clinical Examination 1. The venue for the clinical examination is approved by the Education Committee of the Board. 3. During this examination, candidates are required to perform one (1) or two (2) full sets of clinical procedures on patients. 4. The assessment criteria for the clinical examination will include the following: Equipment preparation Patient preparation Patient care and communication Technique employed Safety and quality assurance including trouble-shooting Use of equipment and accessories Protocol followed Knowledge of anatomy, pathology, pharmacology etc. H. CALCULATION OF FINAL MARK A pass mark of 60% for the clinical examination and 40% for the theory examination must be obtained as a final mark. I. FULLFILLMENT FOR REGISTRATION A pass mark of 60% must be obtained in the clinical assessment and a pass mark of 40% must be obtained in the theoretical assessment in order to register with HPCSA. A candidate will only be allowed to sit twice for the examination. J. BRIEF OVERVIEW OF 3rd YEAR SYLLABI Anatomy and Physiology 1. Normal anatomy 1.1 Embryology 1.2 Anatomy of the normal heart 2. Normal physiology 2.1 Organization of the Cardiovascular System 2.2 Haemodynamics: Basic Principles 2.3 Structural, Physiologic and Metabolic Organisation of the Heart 2.4 Mechanical Changes in the Heart: Heart Valves, Heart Sounds and Heart Murmurs 2.5 Electrophysiology and Electrocardiography 2.6 Pumpfunction of the Heart: Control and Measurement 3. Abnormal anatomy 3.1 Anatomy of the abnormal heart 4. Abnormal physiology 4.1 Blood pressure and blood circulation: arterial and venous bloodflow 4.2 Control of the circulation 4.3 Coronary Circulation 4.4 Lung circulation and gas transport to the tissues 4.5 Haemostasis 4.6 Autonomic Nervous System Pathophysiology 1. Rheumatic Heart Disease 2. Ischaemic Heart Disease 3. The Cardiomyopathies 4. Infective Endocarditis 5. Pericardial Disease 6. Cor Pulmonale 7. Pathophysiology of Rhythm Abnormality 8. Congenital Heart Disease 9. Traumatic injuries to the heart 10. Disease of the Aorta 11. Hypertensive Heart Disease 12. Pathophysiology of Cardiac Symptoms Biomedical Apparatus 1. Haemodynamics monitoring techniques and specialized equipment 2. Blood gas analysis equipment 3. Arrhythmia monitoring apparatus 4. Intra-aortic balloon pump 5. Vector Cardiography 6. Echocardiography 7. Exercise Stress Test electrocardiography 8. Phonocardiography 9. Nuclear Cardiology 10. Pericardiocentesis Clinical Practice 1. The Electrocardiogram 2. Vector Cardiography 3. Cardiovascular Resuscitation 4. Intra-Aorta Balloonpump 5. The temporary peacemaker 6. The permanent pacemaker 7. Electrophysiological Studies 8. Pericardiocentesis 9. Cardioversion 10. Cardiac cathterisation 11. Exercise stress test electrocardiography 12. Echocardiography 13. Arrhythmia monitoring techniques 14. Phonocardiography 15. Nuclear Cardiology Clinical Competencies 1. Perform and interpret a 12 lead ECG 2. Perform and interpret a stress exercise test 3. Perform and interpret a 24 hour ambulatory Holter 4. Assist with right and left heart catherization in cardiac catherization laboratory [record ECG and arterial and venous pressures and determination of oxygen saturation (SaO2) and cardiac output (CO) during cardiac catherization] 5. Assist with placement of temporary and permanent pacemakers 6. Set up an aortic balloon pump 7. Perform CPR 8. Assist with cardioversion and defibrillation 9. Recognise standard echocardiography views K. SUGGESTED READING LIST Title Author/s -Cardiology for the House Officer Joel, W Heger , James T, -Comprehensive Intra-aortic Niemaan and J. Michael Balloon Counterpulsation; 2nd Criley edition Susan J Quaal -Interpreting the Electrocardiogram James S Flemming -Ambulatory Susan L Horner Electrocardiography Applications and Techniques James V Tolano and Julius -Text-book of Two-Dimensional M Gardin Echocardiography Heartware -Troubleshooting Leads Resource Guide K Steinbach, D Glogar, A -Cardiac Pacing Laszkovics, W Scheibelhofer Publisher and H Wober Lesile Cromwell, Fred J -Biomedical Instrumentation and Weibell and Erich A Pfeiffer Measurements Ronald E Vliestra and David PTCA - Percutaneous R Holmes, Jr Transluminal Angioplasty Joseph J Carr and Harry E - Introduction to Biomedical Thomas Equipment Technology D G Julian -Cardiology Kenneth A Ellenbogen -Cardiac Pacing, 2nd edition Michael Kirsheaum D. O - A manual for the House Staff on Cardiology Service, 5th Paul A Levine M D and edition Robert C Mace -Pacing Therapy - a Guide to cardiac paicng for optimum Derek J Rowlands hemodynamic benefit -Understanding the Medtronic Electrocardiogram Kurt J G Schmailzl and Oliver -Hemodynamics of cardica Ormeorod pacing GP Medical Services London;New York: -Ultra-sound in Cardiology Robert h Anderson…(et al) Churchill Livingstone; 2002 Troubleshooting Pacing Problems Paedriatic cardiology L. REMARKING OF SCRIPTS Only candidates who had obtained a pass rate of 35% - 39% in the theoretical examination may apply for their scripts to be remarked. The Committee Coordinator may be contacted for information about the fee involved and procedure to follow. A remarking fee of 50% of the examination fee will be charged for a re-mark. Should a candidate fail any part of the examination, no re-assessment will be allowed. The candidate will be expected to reregister with full costs and sit for the next examinations. M. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION For further enquiry contact: The Committee CoordinatorHPCSA Professional Board for Radiography and Clinical Technology P.O. Box 205 PRETORIA 0001 Tel: 012 3389403 Fax: 012 328 4863