Download FIB Viruses - Humble ISD

Monday – 4/3
Take out a sheet of notebook paper to
complete this week’s warm-ups on.
• List several examples of diseases that you
think are caused by viruses.
• How effective do you think antibiotics are at
treating viral infections?
• How do you think vaccines work?
Demonstration
• You will get a sample from me.
DO NOT smell it, spill it, or taste it!
• I will walk you through the process of mixing
solutions with UP TO 3 DIFFERENT PEOPLE!
You may also choose to not mix with anyone.
• To mix solutions, pour a little bit of your
solution into their cup, and have them pour a
little of their solution into your cup.
• Once you have finished, or when the timer
goes off, return to your desk and have a seat.
Demonstration
• There was at least one person that was “infected”
with the HIV before you began mixing.
• I will check to see if the virus has been
transmitted to you, by adding an indicator to each
of your solutions.
• If you have “contracted HIV,” your solution should
turn pink.
• If the virus was not transmitted
to
you, your solution will remain clear.
Analysis
1. How is the number of classmates you choose to
mix with related to the likelihood that you’ll
contract HIV?
2. How would choosing not to mix with your
classmates protect you from “contracting” the
virus?
3. How many people do you think started out
“infected” with the virus?
4. Would it be possible to determine who started
out with the virus? If so, how could we do that?
HIV – Transmission
HIV – Progression
Kills your
HIV
T-Cells
Which
weakens
your
Fight
Infections
Which decreases
your ability to
Immune
System
Which
leads to
AIDS
Which is…
The final
stage of HIV
Infographic Predications
• Fill out the HIV Infographic predications on
your chart.
Tuesday – 4/4
Take out your sheet of notebook paper that you put
yesterday’s warm-up on.
What do you think ALL living things have in common?
• Make a list of the characteristics, or traits, that you
think all living things have in common.
• You may work with your shoulder partner if you
would like.
Biotic or Abiotic
• Biotic: living
• Abiotic: nonliving
7 Characteristics of Life – Must have all 7 to be biotic!
1. Made of Cells
2. Grow and Develop
3. Obtain and Use Energy
4. Based on a Universal Genetic Code
5. Reproduce
6. Respond to their environment (homeostasis)
7. Change over time (evolution)
So… Is a Virus Alive?
• After watching the video, decide whether or
not you think viruses are alive.
• Discuss your answer with your shoulder
partner.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QpTmba9WV5o
What is a virus?
• Viruses are microscopic particles that invade cells
and destroy them.
• A virus is NOT a cell.
• A virus is NOT living.
• Made of genetic material in a protein coat
(called a capsid)
Influenza Virus H5N1 (avian influenza)
Herpes Simplex
What is a virus? (con't)
• VIRUSES ARE NONLIVING
• Although they have genetic information,
they are not living because they:
– have no cells
– can’t use energy
– can’t make proteins
– can’t reproduce on their own (requires a host)
• (Remember the 7 Characteristics of Life!)
Structure of a Virus
Three Main
Parts:
1. Genetic
Material
(DNA/RNA)
2. Protein Coat
(Capsid)
3. Glycoproteins
(Tail Fibers)
Structure of a Virus
1. Genetic Material
A viruses genetic material could be:
•double-stranded DNA or single-stranded RNA
Structure of a Virus
2. Protein Coat
•Also called a capsid
• Encloses the viral genome (DNA or RNA)
• Come in various shapes.
Structure of a Virus
3. Glycoproteins
● also known as tail fibers, allowing the virus to attach to the
corresponding host cell.
Viruses vs. Cells
Bacteriophages
Bacteriophages are
viruses that only infect
bacteria.
Retrovirus
● A virus that once inside
the host cell undergoes
reverse transcription,
changing its RNA into
DNA, thus retro
(backwards).
Retrovirus
Example
Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV) is a virus that
attacks the immune
system, the body's natural
defense system.
Influenza
Influenza (Flu) is caused
by the virus attaching to
epithelial cells primarily in
the nose, throat and lungs
often transmitted as an
airborne virus through
coughing and sneezing.
Exit Ticket: Cells Vs. Viruses Venn
Diagram
Using your knowledge of viruses and cells to
write in the letter from the phrase bank to the
correct section of the venn diagram.
Wednesday – 4/5
Answer the warm-up under your warm-up from
yesterday on your notebook paper.
1. Which of the following are considered living?
• Prokaryotic Cells
• Eukaryotic Cells
• Viruses
2. List at least 2 reasons that viruses are not
considered living (biotic).
Use the 7 characteristics of living things to help you
with this.
Creature Activity
• Try to determine whether or not the creature
that you have been given in a virus or a cell.
• If you think your creature is a cell, try to
decide whether or not is a prokaryote or a
eukaryote.
Creature Activity
• Somewhere on your paper, write down if your
think your creature if your creature is a virus
or a cell and explain your reasoning.
1
2
3
Lytic Cylce
• Viruses are not capable of replicating on their own.
• The lytic cycle is one of the ways that viruses
replicate inside of host cells.
Viral Transmission
As you watch the video, try to pay attention to how
virus replicate
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rpj0emEGShQ
As you watch the video, make a list of how you
think virus replicate
Viral Infections
What happens after a virus infects a cell?
• Viruses use their genetic information to reproduce inside living cells.
2 types of viral replication
1. Lytic
2. Lysogenic
Lytic infection
1. is when virus replicate
immediately
2. a virus enters a bacterial
cell, makes copies of
itself, and causes the cell
to burst or lyse.
Lysogenic
infection
Lytic
infection
Lytic Infections: Short Cycle
The virus injects DNA into a
bacterium.
Viral genes are transcribed by
the host cell.
Viral enzymes lyse the
bacterium’s cell wall.
The new viruses
escape.
The proteins and nucleic
acids assemble into new
viruses.
The bacterium makes
new viral proteins and
nucleic acid.
In summary of the Lytic Cycle
• Attachment
• Injection (entry) of viral genetic material
• DNA and RNA
• Manufacture (replication)
of viral parts
• Assembly of virus
• Cell lysis (release)
Viral Infections
What happens after a virus infects a cell?
• Viruses use their genetic information to reproduce inside living cells.
Lysogenic infection
• occurs when a host cell is
not immediately taken
over
• Includes prophage- when
virus DNA is embedded
in Host DNA
Lysogenic
infection
Lytic
infection
Lysogenic Infections: Long Cycle
The prophage may replicate
with the bacterium for many
generations.
The viral DNA inserts
itself into the bacterial
chromosome.
Prophage
The virus
injects
DNA into
the
bacterium.
Viral enzymes
lyse the
bacterium’s
cell wall. The
new viruses
escape.
The proteins and nucleic
acids assemble into new
viruses.
The prophage can exit the
bacterial chromosome and
enter a lytic cycle.
The bacterium
makes new viral
proteins and
nucleic acid.
Lytic vs. Lysogenic Cycle
•Copies the virus particles
•Copies the genetic material ONLY
•Happens more quickly
•Happens more slowly
•Ends with the cell bursting open,
which destroys the cell
•Ends by switching into the lytic cycle
Period of Dormancy/Latency
• Some viruses remain dormant, meaning having normal
physical functions suspended or slowed down for a
period of time; for many years in their host.
Viral Transmission
Amoeba Sisters – Viruses
• Discuss the following questions with your
shoulder partner.
• Be prepared to share your answers.
1. Can a virus attach to any cell in your body? Why
or why not?
2. What is important about the structure of a virus
that allows it to attach to a host cell?
3. How are viruses similar to enzymes?
Immune Response
● Antigens are large molecules, usually proteins, on the surface of a
virus that causes an immune system to produce antibodies against it.
● Antibodies are produced by the immune system in response to the
presence of an antigen
●
Each antibody is specifically produced by the immune system to
match an antigen after cells in the immune system come into contact
with it
Write this down in your notes.
What is a vaccine?
Vaccine- is a weakened form for the virus
• a vaccine is given to help prevent a virus or
infectious disease
• Virus vaccine stimulates the body's immune
system to make antibodies to recognize the
real virus and destroy it
Do antibiotics treat viral infections?
NO!!!
Antibiotics only treat bacterial infections they do
NOT treat viral infections
Lytic vs. Lysogenic Processing Activity
• Clear everything off your desk.
• Complete the half-sheet to the best of your
ability without using your notes.
• Once you finish, copy the answers onto your
answer slip.
• Raise your hand once you have finished
completing BOTH sheets of paper.
Lysogenic Processing Activity
Lysogenic Processing Activity
Lytic Processing Activity
Lytic Processing Activity
Virus Vocabulary Card Sort
Directions: Match the virus vocabulary word
cards to their defintion cards. The end result
should be a perfect hexagon. When you are
done, raise your hand and I will come check
your work.
Vaccines
Don't Fear The Flu Shot!
•
•
As you watch the video, think about at least
3 interesting facts that you didn’t know prior
to watching the video.
Be prepared to share out.
Friday – 3/7
Answer the warm-up under your warm-up from
yesterday on your notebook paper.
1. What are the 3 components of a virus?
2. What is the function of each component?
Fact or Fib
• You will receive a fact and a fib card.
• For each of the following statements, decide
whether the statement is a fact or a fib.
• Hold onto both cards until I tell you to put
your answer down onto your desk.
Fact or Fib
Antibiotics can be used to kill a virus.
FIB
Anitobiotics target bacterial infections.
Vaccines are used to prevent viral infections.
Fact or Fib
At the end of the lytic cycle, the cell undergoes
apoptosis (programmed cell death) causing the
cell the explode, which releases the viruses.
FACT
Fact or Fib
A virus is considered to be biotic (living).
FIB
Viruses are abiotic (non-living) because they:
Cannon reproduce on their own
Are not made of cells
Can’t make proteins
Can’t use energy (metabolize)
Fact or Fib
Viruses in the lytic cycle incorporate their
genetic material into the host cell’s genetic
material.
FIB
Only viruses in the lysogenic cycle do this.
Fact or Fib
A virus is composed of genetic material (DNA
or RNA) surrounded by a capsid (protein coat)
and tail fibers.
FACT
Fact or Fib
A single virus is capable of targeting multiple
types of host cells.
FIB
Each type of virus is only capable of targeting a
specific type of host cell.
The proteins of the surface of the virus must
match the proteins on the surface of the host cell.
Extra Resources
Virus Hunters – Nathan Wolfe
• Answer the questions on the back of your
handout as you watch this TED Talk.
• Nathan Wolfe: Virus Hunters
• How Flu Viruses Attack
HIV Activists
Magic Johnson Interview with Oprah
11-year-old HIV Activist