Download Cell Structure

The Structure and
Function of Cells Introduction
Cell Size Comparison
Metabolism occurs in all organelles!!
Transport
Excretion/
Homeostasis
Reproduction
Nutrition
Excretion
Synthesis
Respiration
Synthesis
Reproduction, Growth,
Regulation & Homeostasis
Synthesis
Transport
How do cells communicate?
Cell Phones!!!
What do you call an amoeba that won’t
share?
Cell-fish!!
Honor’s – Cell Analogies
See Edmodo for the worksheet!
Figure 2.1 The hierarchy of biological order from atom to organism
Cell Wrap – Josh Sheetz
Give Cell Project Information
Make sure you choose a partner and that
you bring stuff in to work on…you must
show proof that you are working with a
partner! Pictures, working on edmodo,
and e-mails will be great sources of proof!
Tia’s Tiny Cells by Morgan
Britton
https://docs.google.com/a/apps.cabarrus.k
12.nc.us/presentation/d/1oCAoPS6CZnsJfKeiGYIEzF4oXW_IjIT3ZVxq8zQvPo/edi
t#slide=id.g1f1fca73_0_0
The Cell Theory
Parts
–The cell is the basic unit of
structure of an organism.
–The cell is the basic unit of
function.
–All cells arise from pre-existing
cells
Exceptions to the cell theory1. Where did the first cell come from?
2. What about Viruses?
- not a cell, but can reproduce if inside another
cell
- on the bridge between living and nonliving
Now, take notes in groups at the
computers
When you are finished, please answer the
organelle review sheet that is at the end of
the presentation!
CELL STRUCTURES
ORGANELLES – tiny structures that make
up cells
CELL MEMBRANE – Semipermeable
– Allows certain substances in and keeps other
substances out (maintains homeostasis)
– Made up of lipids and proteins
– Cholesterol
Helps maintain the structure of the cell membrane
Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)
Excretion
Cytoplasm
The jelly-like, liquid portion of the cell that holds the
organelles in place. (the cytoskeleton helps with this)
Cytoplasm
– Cyclosis – the cytoplasm moving organelles around the cell
(cytoplasmic streaming)
Cytoskeleton
Made up of microfilaments (tiny, solid
fibers) and microtubules (thin, hollow
cylinders) (these are proteins)
The Nucleus
Brain of the cell (controls
cell activites)
The nucleus has a
membrane (envelope)
Prokaryotes – lack a
nucleus and organelles
– PRO NO!!
Eukaryotes – have a
nucleus and organelles
– EU YOU!!
Reproduction & Growth
Regulation & Homeostasis
Bacteria are the only prokaryotes!
All other organisms are eukaryotes.
Prokaryotes lack these compartments
One more thing to worry
about…
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotes
NO NUCLEUS
Have a cell
membrane and
cytoplasm…but no
organelles
Carry out life
processes
Eukaryotes
HAVE NUCLEUS
Have organelles
contained within the
cytoplasm
Carry out life
processes
Size comparison of prokaryotes vs.
eukaryotes
Warm-up:
Explain the difference
Between a prokaryote
And a eukaryote.
Cell Organelles
What’s inside the nucleus?
Chromosomes
DNA
(deoxyribonucleic
acid) – genetic code
Chromatin
Chromatin is tangled
masses of DNA inside
the nucleus
Chromatin condenses
into chromosomes
right before cell
division begins.
Nucleolus
Contains protein and
RNA (ribonucleic
acid)…
Makes ribosomes
Synthesis
Ribosomes
Site of protein sythesis
Found free floating in
the cytoplasm or on the
endoplasmic
reticulum.
Synthesis
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
(ER)
2 Types - Rough and
Smooth ER
Used for transport in
the cell
Rough – has ribosomes
Smooth – does not have ribosomes
Synthesis and Transport
The smooth
ER helps
detoxify
Excretion
Mitochondrion
Powerhouse of the Cell!!!
Cell Respiration
occurs here!
Do you remember what
cell respiration makes???
Energy!!
Folded inner membrane
increases surface area!!!
Remember that the
energy is in the form of
ATP!!
Golgi
Apparatus
Packaging center of the
cell.
Along with the smooth
ER, it also helps to
detoxify!
It makes vesicles to help
with transport
Golgi Body Secreting Vesicles
Transport
Lysosomes
Contain digestive
enzymes
Digest old worn out
parts and invaders
Lysosomes breaking down organelles
within a cell.
Nutrition
Vacuole
Storage
Hold food, oil, wastes
HUGE in plant cells –
they usually only have
one!!
smaller in animal cells –
usually have more than
one!!
Turgor pressure
pressure exerted against the cell wall in a plant from
water in the vacuole
When turgor pressure is present, plants are perky
instead of wilted!!
Centrioles (Animal Cells only)
Used during cellular
division/reproduction
Centrioles
Cell Wall (Plant cell only)
Surrounds the cell membrane and
helps with structure and support in
plant cells.
Cell Wall
Cell membrane
The cell wall allows
Everything to pass through!!
It is not semi-permeable like the membrane
The cell wall contains cellulose!!
Chloroplast (Plant cells only)
Carry out
photosynthesis take energy from the
sun and make food.
Contain chlorophyll,
so they’re green!
Photosynthesis
Cell Wall
Cell
Wall
Cell wall - What is it?
Only in plant cells, bacteria,
protists, and fungi - outside
of the cell membrane
Made of cellulose
DEAD – everything passes
straight through it!!
Maintains structure –
osmotic (turgor) pressure
helps!!
Lets put ‘em all together
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Animal Cell
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Mitochondria
Lysosome
Golgi Apparatus
Animal Cells-Drawing
Plant Cell
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Major Differences between
Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Animal Cells
No Centrioles
Large vacuole
Have centrioles
Small vacuoles
No cell wall
No Chloroplasts
Usually round
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
Usually rectangular
Do these in your groups..
Review – Do these in your groups!
Which organelle is found in animal cells, but not in plant
cells?
Which organelles are found in plant cells, but not animal
cells?
What is the major physical difference between vacuoles
in plant cells vs. animal cells?
Which plant cells might not contain any chloroplasts?
Which organelles are required by cells that have the
function of making protein?
Why are mitochondria required by a cell that moves by
means of cilia or flagella?
et’s
abel
is
gether!
Warm-up – Label these cells! Write the
numbers and their correct structures.
Identify Organelles SmartBoard
Identify!!!
Identify!!!
Identify!!!
Identify!!!
Identify!!!
Identify!!
Identify!!!
Identify!!!
Identify!!!
Identify!!
Identify!!!
Identify!!!
Identify!!!
How does the structure of
organelles relate to their function?
Metabolism occurs in all organelles!!
Transport
Excretion/
Homeostasis
Reproduction
Nutrition
Excretion
Synthesis
Respiration
Synthesis
Reproduction, Growth,
Regulation & Homeostasis
Synthesis
Transport
Coolest Cell Video
Cellular Visions: The Inner Life of a Cell
End Cell Organelles
Cell Voc Quiz
Work on your graphic organizer after the
quiz
Then we are going to take a few notes
Cell Locomotion and Methods of
Study
What are methods of cellular
movement???
How do cells move??
Cellular locomotion
Pseudopod
Cilia
Flagella
Pseudopods
Pseudopods (false
feet)
Projections of the
cytoplasm
Examples – amoeba
and some white blood
cells
Cilia- tiny beating
hairs that act like
oars
Examples –
– Paramecium,
cells that line
your respiratory
tract
Contractile
Vacuole
– Pumps excess
water out of
the cell
Cilia
Flagella
Flagella- whip like tail
Examples
– Euglena, sperm cells
Eye spot
- detects light
Leewenhoek
Compared to modern microscopes, it is an
extremely simple device, using only one lens,
mounted in a tiny hole in the brass plate that
makes up the body of the instrument. The
specimen was mounted on the sharp point that
sticks up in front of the lens, and its position and
focus could be adjusted by turning the two
screws. The entire instrument was only 3-4
inches long, and had to be held up close to the
eye; it required good lighting and great patience
to use.
Methods of Cell Study
Magnification of a compound
microscope
Eyepiece (ocular) maginifcation x objective
magnification example 10x X 40x = 400x
Electron Microscope Micrographs
Images are
100,000 –
300,000
times their
normal size!!
Cell Graphic Organizer
Click on this link..it is Mrs. Cruce - Biology
– Cells – Worksheets
This is in the File Cabinet on my website.
Warm-up
If you were able to walk inside a cell,
which organelle would you be most
curious to see?
Describe what you think it would look and
act like….
Warm-up
What are the black circles that you see
sometimes when you make a wet-mount
slide?
What should you do if you see nothing
when looking through the ocular?
How do increase or decrease the amount
of light going through the stage?
Warm-up
Please describe in detail how to focus a
microscope!
– Start on low power using the coarse
adjustment, then
Microminiaturized!!!
You have been microminiaturized and injected
into a Human Body. As a Cytologist (a scientist
that studies cells), your assignment is to enter a
cell and explore it carefully. You are to keep a
detailed log of your adventure, including the
manner in which you entered and exited the
cell. Briefly tell about your journey, making sure
that you describe at least 5 of the organelles
you encounter! The success of your journey
depends on how creative you are with telling
others about your journey.
Secret Worlds:
The Universe Within
Possible cell videos??
Cell Size comparison