Download Chapter 7 Body Systems

REVIEW
Fibrous layer of the clear tissue that extends over
the anterior portion of the eye and is continuous
with the white of the eye:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Fundus
Ciliary body
Pupil
Cornea
Iris
REVIEW
What eye structure is transparent biconcave, and
focuses light on the retina:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Conjunctiva
Lens
Vitreous body
Aqueous humor
Sclera
REVIEW
Place where optic nerve fibers cross in the brain:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Optic disc
Retina
Olfactory lobe
Optic chiasma
Cerebral cortex
REVIEW
Photosensitive receptor cells of the retina: makes
the perception of color possible:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Rods
Cones
Optic disc
Magakaryocytes
Optic Chiasm
REVIEW
Myopia
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Nearsightedness
Farsightedness
Astigmatism
Strabismus
Glaucoma
REVIEW
Channel between the middle ear and the
nasopharynx:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Organ of Corti
Semicircular canal
Labyrinth
Eustachian tube
Oval window
REVIEW
Nerve deafness occurring with aging:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Vertigo
Meniere disease
Acoustic neuroma
Presbycusis
Otopyorrhea
REVIEW
Tinnitus Means:
A. Hearing loss occurring with old age
B. Dizziness associated with nausea and
sensations of whirling motion
C. Ringing sound in the ears
D. Dysphonia
E.
Aural discharge
REVIEW
Snail-Shaped, spirally wound tube in the inner ear
is the:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Auricle
Cochlea
Auditory meatus
Utricle
Pinna
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Chapter 18
GLANDS
Secrete hormones….chemical messengers
Hormones bind to receptors on target tissues
Endocrine glands secrete to the bloodstream
Exocrine glands utilize ducts to the OUTSIDE of the body
So…….Endocrine Glands
are
Endocrine Glands
•Thyroid gland: secretes T3 and T4 (metabolism)
•Parathyroid glands: (4) secretes parathormone (mobilizes
calcium from bones to bloodstream )
•Adrenal glands (one pair): secretes steroids and
corticosteroids
•Pancreas (islets of Langerhans): is both endocrine and
exocrine (insulin, digestive enzymes)
•Pituitary gland: located in the sella turcica (the master gland)
•Ovaries & Testes
•Pineal gland: secretes melatonin (sleep, biological clock)
•Thymus gland: secretes thymosin (immune response in
newborns)
Pineal gland
Parathyroid Gland
Pituitary gland
Thyroid
Thymus gland
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes
THYROID GLAND
Thyroid cartilage
Thyroid gland
isthmus
Trachea
tetraiodothyronine
2 types of goiter
•Colloid nodule goiter
•Toxic nodule goiter
Occur for no known reason
or…..
When the thyroid gland is
unable to produce enough
thyroid hormone.
A LITTLE LARGER……
EVEN LARGER……
AND…..YIKES
AND GUESS WHO SAVES THE DAY…..
GRAVES DISEASE
GRAVES DISEASE
•an autoimmune
disorder
•The thyroid gland
produces too
much thyroid
hormones
•Most common in
women over
20…but may affect
men as well
MYXEDEMA
•Also known as adult
hypothyroidism
•Requires life long therapy
•Mucus-like materials
accumulates under the skin
•s/s may include:
•Depression
•Fatigue
•Joint muscle pain
•Paleness or dry skin
•Thin brittle hair or
fingernails
•Weakness
•Weight gain
(unintentional)
Myx/o - mucus
BEFORE AND AFTER…..
Type II Hypothyroidism
….following proper treatment of
hypothyroidism with desiccated thyroid.
Thyroid
Parathyroid
•Important for bone
and teeth formation
•Muscle control
•Nerve functions
•Blood vessel
dilation and
contraction
•Blood clotting
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla
Kidney
Two Glands in one…..
CUSHING SYNDROME
Due to increased cortisol secretion
Obesity
Moon Face
Buffalo hump (back of neck)
May be due to an adrenal cortex tumor
Or
Lung or thyroid tumor
Or
Prolonged steroid usage
…..AND THEN THERE IS ATHLETICS
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….ANOTHER SCENARIO IN DRUG ABUSE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6XbDTprt7z4
ADDISON DISEASE
Disease of the adrenal cortex
Low levels cause malaise, weakness muscle atrophy,
hypoglycemia, low blood pressure, dehydration
Hyperpigmentaton of scars, skin folds and nipples
Treatment is daily cortisone and intake of salts…
Or synthetic aldosterone.
DIABETES MELLITUS
Stomach
Pancreas
islets of Langerhans
hypothalamus
adenohypophysis
Neurohypophysis
Adenohypophysis…anterior lobe
Growth hormone GH, somatotropin STH , thyroid stimulating hormone TSH,
adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH, gonadotropic hormones…follicle stimulating
hormone FSH and luteinizing hormone LH and finally Prolactin PRL
Neurohypophysis…..posterior lobe
Antidiuretic hormone ADH (aka vasopressin) and Oxytocin OT
Hypothalamus….the region below the thalamus and
above the pituitary gland
Controls the secretions by the pituitary gland
Phys/o - growing
Acr/o – Extremities
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Estr/o - female
Andr/o - male
….AND ONE MORE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2DSqtbxEpA